References
[1] . Andrich, A., & Domahidi, E. (2023). Still facing the ‘paper ceiling’? Exploring gender differences in political news coverage of the last decade. Journalism, 25(11). Sage Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/14648849231215194
[2] . Arowolo, S. O. (2017). Understanding Framing Theory [Working Paper]. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317841096_UNDERSTANDING_FRAMING_THEORY
[3] . Arputharaj, B. C. (2025, March 10). The Role of Media in Shaping Perceptions about Women Leaders. The Diplomatist. https://diplomatist.com/2025/03/10/the-role-of-media-in-shaping-perceptions-about-women-leaders/
[4] . Atkinson, C. (2021). An Analysis of the Role of Gender in Political News Media Coverage [Independent Study Project Collection]. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4416&context=isp_collection
[5] . Babatunde, S. (2025, January). The Role of Media and Representation in Shaping Women Leaders. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387663528_The_Role_of_Media_and_Representation_in_Shaping_Women_Leaders
[6] . Bauer, N. M. (2022). Who Covers the Qualifications of Female Candidates? Examining Gender Bias in News Coverage Across National and Local Newspapers. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 101(3). Sage Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10776990221100514
[7] . Beckers, K., van Dijk, R. E., Aelst, P. V., & Swert, K. D. (2023). A Long March Toward Equality: Predicting the Presence of Women in Television News. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 101(2). Sage Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10776990231211806
[8] . Byerly, C. M. (2012). Women and the Media. In J. Aragon & M. Miller (Eds.), Global Women's Issues: Women in the World Today, Extended Version. BCcampus. https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks/textbooks/global-women-s-issues-women-in-the-world-today-extended-version
[9] . Davis, S. R., Worsnop, C. J., & Hand, E. M. (2022). Gender bias recognition in political news articles. Machine Learning with Applications, 8. Science Direct. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666827022000299
[10] . Framing Theory [Article]. (2017). Mass Communication Theory. https://masscommtheory.com/theory-overviews/framing-theory/
[11] . Hegarty, A. Q. (2025). Gendered framing and representation of women in Irish political television programming during the 2020 formation of the government of Ireland. Feminist Media Studies, 25(4). Taylor & Francis Online. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14680777.2024.2328077
[12] . Jaworska, S., & Iarrivée, P. (2011). Women, power and the media: Assessing the bias. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(10). Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251586642_Women_power_and_the_media_Assessing_the_bias
[13] . Kirk Hallahan. (2008). The International Encyclopedia of Communication. John Wiley & Sons.
[14] . Kittilson, M. C. (2012). Gender and elections: Shaping the future of American politics: Susan J. Carroll and Richard L. Fox (eds). Party Politics, 18(2). Sage Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1354068811433320
[15] . Meeks, L. (2024). From Bylines to Headlines: Exploring Gender Bias in the News. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 101(4). Sage Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/10776990241284809#core-bibr2-10776990241284809-1
[16] . Merrefield, C. (2024). How the news media cover women in politics: 5 recent studies to know. https://journalistsresource.org/media/gender-bias-news-politics/
[17] . Milligan, K. (2007). The Portrayal of Powerful Women in the Media [Honors Thesis]. Bryant University. https://digitalcommons.bryant.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?params=/context/honors_communication/article/1000/&path_info=The_Portrayal_of_Powerful_Women.pdf
[18] . Olivia. (2025). The Role of Media in Shaping Perceptions of Women Leaders in the Middle East: Voices of Change. CIO Minds. https://ciominds.com/the-role-of-media-in-shaping-perceptions-of-women-leaders-in-the-middle-east-voices-of-change/
[19] . Omonua, L. A., Akpor, E. D., & Olley, W. O. (2023). Mass Media Coverage of Women and Gender Inequality. African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research, 6(4). Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373303250_Mass_Media_Coverage_of_Women_and_Gender_Inequality
[20] . Parashar, L., & Singh, A. K. (2024). Breaking Barriers: The Role of Media in Shaping Narratives of Women's Empowerment in the Digital Age. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 11(12). https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2412769.pdf
[21] . The Power of Media: Shaping Society’s Narrative [Blog]. (2023). DGMC. https://dgmc.org.in/the-power-of-media-shaping-societys-narrative/
[22] . Reyes-Housholder, C. (2020). A Theory of Gender's Role on Presidential Approval Ratings in Corrupt Times. Political Research Quarterly, 73(3). JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/45447187
[23] . Thuo, J. W. (2012). MEDIA FRAMING OF WOMEN IN POLITICS: AN ANALYSIS OF PRINT MEDIA COVERAGE OF WOMEN MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT IN KENYA [Research Thesis]. https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/8420/Thuo-Media%20Framing%20Of%20Women%20In%20Politics%20An%20Analysis%20Of%20Print%20Media.pdf?sequence=1
[24] . Tuchman, G. (2000). The Symbolic Annihilation of Women by the Mass Media. In L. Crothers & C. Lockhart (Eds.), Culture and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-62397-6_9#citeas
[25] . Van der Pas, D. J., & Aaldering, L. (2020). Gender Differences in Political Media Coverage: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Communication, 70(1). Oxford Academic. https://academic.oup.com/joc/article/70/1/114/5761879
[26] . White, D. M. (1950). The “Gate Keeper”: A Case Study in the Selection of News. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 27(4). Sage Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/107769905002700403
[27] . Zaklama, S. (2025). Exploring the Foundations of Media Framing Theory. European Modern Studies Journal, 9(1). Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/391228039_Exploring_the_Foundations_of_Media_Framing_Theory