References
[1] . Afandi, M.N., Tri Anomsari, E., Setiyono, B., Novira, A. and Sutiyono, W., 2024. Self-organizing volunteers as a grassroot social innovation: the contribution and barrier to empowerment and collaborative governance in stunting intervention. Development Studies Research, 11(1), p.2357102.
[2] . Bouncken, R.B., Qiu, Y., Sinkovics, N. and Kürsten, W., 2021. Qualitative research: extending the range with flexible pattern matching. Review of Managerial Science, 15(2), pp.251-273.
[3] . Brice, J., Grainger, A., Beissel, A. and Postlethwaite, V., 2022. The world cup trilogy: An analysis of Aotearoa New Zealand’s leverage strategies for the women’s cricket, rugby, and football world cups. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 14(4), pp.621-639.
[4] . Brown, J., 2023. The vicarious liability of sports governing bodies and competition organisers. Legal Studies, 43(2), pp.221-239.
[5] . Carlini, J., Thomson, A., O’Neil, A. and Green, A., 2024. Understanding the interplay between event communications and local business decision-making using signalling theory: the case of the 2018 Commonwealth Games. European Sport Management Quarterly, 24(2), pp.428-448.
[6] . Chauhan, Y.S. and Pal, U.S., 2022. Innovative evolution of technology used among racket sports: An overview [J]. Journal of Sports Science and Nutrition, 3(2), pp.175-179.
[7] . Duignan, M., Pappalepore, I., Smith, A. and Ivanescu, Y., 2022. Tourists’ experiences of mega-event cities: Rio’s olympic ‘double bubbles’. Annals of Leisure Research, 25(1), pp.71-92.
[8] . Duignan, M., Carlini, J. and McGillivray, D., 2023. Parasitic events and host destination resource dependence: Evidence from the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 30, p.100796.
[9] . Ghanad, A., 2023. An overview of quantitative research methods. International journal of multidisciplinary research and analysis, 6(08), pp.3794-3803.
[10] . Houlihan, B., 2022. Challenges to globalisation and the impact on the values underpinning international sport agreements. International journal of sport policy and politics, 14(4), pp.607-620.
[11] . Johnson, P.C., Everingham, C. and Everingham, P., 2022. The juggernaut effect: community resistance and the politics of urban motor-racing events. Annals of Leisure Research, 25(1), pp.93-115.
[12] . Khan, A., 2025. Seventy-five Years of Partition: Rupture and Connectivity: India-Pakistan Cricketing Relations. Critical Pakistan Studies, pp.1-21.
[13] . Lee Ludvigsen, J.A., Rookwood, J. and Parnell, D., 2022. The sport mega-events of the 2020s: governance, impacts and controversies. Sport in Society, 25(4), pp.705-711.
[14] . Maldonado-Villalpando, E. and Paneque-Gálvez, J., 2022. Grassroots innovation in alternatives to development: a review. Nordia Geographical Publications, 51(2), pp.80-102.
[15] . Mantravadi, S., Srai, J.S. and Møller, C., 2023. Application of MES/MOM for Industry 4.0 supply chains: A cross-case analysis. Computers in Industry, 148, p.103907.
[16] . Milne-Ives, M., Homer, S.R., Andrade, J. and Meinert, E., 2025. Mapping the Process of Engagement With Digital Health Interventions: A Cross-Case Synthesis. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes, 9(3), p.100625.
[17] . Mishra, S. and Dey, A.K., 2022. Understanding and identifying ‘themes’ in qualitative case study research. South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases, 11(3), pp.187-192.
[18] . Mulisa, F., 2022. When does a researcher choose a quantitative, qualitative, or mixed research approach?. Interchange, 53(1), pp.113-131.
[19] . Neumann, O., Guirguis, K. and Steiner, R., 2024. Exploring artificial intelligence adoption in public organizations: a comparative case study. Public Management Review, 26(1), pp.114-141.
[20] . Nikolaou, E.E., Konteos, G., Kalogiannidis, S. and Syndoukas, D., 2023. Mega sporting events and their socio-economic impact: Case study of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 7(2), p.2158.
[21] . Pappas, I.O. and Woodside, A.G., 2021. Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA): Guidelines for research practice in Information Systems and marketing. International journal of information management, 58, p.102310.
[22] . Pittz, T., Bendickson, J.S., Cowden, B.J. and Davis, P.E., 2021. Sport business models: a stakeholder optimization approach. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 28(1), pp.134-147.
[23] . Pyo, J., Lee, W., Choi, E.Y., Jang, S.G. and Ock, M., 2023. Qualitative research in healthcare: necessity and characteristics. Journal of preventive medicine and public health, 56(1), p.12.
[24] . Qin, Y., 2023. Grassroots governance and social development: theoretical and comparative legal aspects. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), pp.1-9.
[25] . Rozhda, Y. and Sheresheva, M., 2021. Impact of a sports mega-event on the perception of the image of a tourist destination: The case of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. BRICS Journal of Economics, 2(2), pp.53-83.
[26] . Sajdak, M. and M?ody, M., 2024. Technological anxiety during the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies–a cross-case study analysis among Polish manufacturing companies. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 34(3), pp.660-679.
[27] . Sardi, A., Rizzi, A. and Sorano, E., 2025. Economic Impact Analysis of Mega Events for Sustainable Tourism: Insights from the Giro d’Italia and Tour de France. Administrative Sciences, 15(2), p.35.
[28] . Sarma, P.P. and Goswami, A.S., 2023. Optimizing India’s smart-power matrix in Maldives: Making a case for cricket diplomacy to balance New Delhi’s hard-power presence on the island. Journalof Indo-Pacific Affairs, 6(3), pp.174-186.
[29] . Stapley, E., O’Keeffe, S. and Midgley, N., 2022. Developing typologies in qualitative research: The use of ideal-type analysis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 21, p.16094069221100633.
[30] . Stavros, C., Smith, A.C. and Lopez-Gonzalez, H., 2022. A mediasport typology for transformative relationships: enlargement, enhancement, connection and engagement beyond COVID-19. European Sport Management Quarterly, 22(1), pp.72-91.
[31] . Sturm, D., Andrews, D.L., Miller, T. and Bustad, J., 2025. Green light or black flag? Greenwashing environmental sustainability in Formula One and Formula E. Annals of Leisure Research, 28(1), pp.116-135.
[32] . Taherdoost, H., 2022. What are different research approaches? Comprehensive review of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method research, their applications, types, and limitations. Journal of Management Science & Engineering Research, 5(1), pp.53-63.
[33] . Vila-Henninger, L., Dupuy, C., Van Ingelgom, V., Caprioli, M., Teuber, F., Pennetreau, D., Bussi, M. and Le Gall, C., 2024. Abductive coding: Theory building and qualitative (re) analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 53(2), pp.968-1001.
[34] . Wolfe, S.D., 2024. The juggernaut endures: Protest, Potemkinism, and Olympic reform. Leisure studies, 43(1), pp.1-15.
[35] . researchgate.net,2025. The_Economics_of_Professional_Sports. (Online). Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228856655_The_Economics_of_Professional_Sports [Accessed on: 20.9.2025].
[36] . researchgate.net,2025. The-Internal-Logic-Diagram-Of-The-Business-Model-Of-The-Sports-Industry. (Online). Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-internal-logic-diagram-of-the-business-model-of-the-sports-industry-based-on_fig5_358109249 [Accessed on: 20.9.2025].
[37] . researchgate.net,2025. Classification-of-the-sports-industry. (Online). Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Classification-of-the-sports-industry_fig1_369879641 [Accessed on: 20.9.2025].
[38] . researchgate.net,2025. Conceptual-model-of-sustainable-sports-tourism. (Online). Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Conceptual-model-of-sustainable-sports-tourism-development-with-the-RSLG-approach-in_fig2_359667992 [Accessed on: 20.9.2025].
[39] . researchgate.net,2025. The-Grassroots-Development-Framework. (Online). Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/The-Grassroots-Development-Framework-GDF-Detailed-Version-Credit-Inter-American_fig3_319214729 [Accessed on: 20.9.2025].
[40] . researchgate.net,2025. Cross-Case Synthesis and Implications. (Online). Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Methodology-integrating-within-case-synthesis-across-domains-and-over-time-and-cross_fig1_335630315 [Accessed on: 20.9.2025].