International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research
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Title:
Neural bases of empathy and social interaction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A literature review from the perspective of Social Neuroscience

Authors:
DOAN Thi Nhat An , NGUYEN Thi Phuong Anh , NGUYEN Kim Anh , NGUYEN Thi Kieu Diem , NGUYEN Thi Ngoc Dieu , BUI Anh Mai Huong , TRAN Thi Huong , NGUYEN Van Khai , PHAN Kim Loan , BUI Thi Nhan , NGUYEN Ngoc Tuyen , TRAN Thi My Trinh , TRAN Chi Phuong , MAI Pham Bao Tran , PHAM Thi Kim Mai , VUONG Nguyen Toan Thien , HUYNH Vo Tien , NGUYEN Truong Thanh Hai

Journal: International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research (IJSSER)
ISSN: 2455-8834
Volume: 11
Issue: 6
Publication Date: June 2026
DOI: 10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i06.016

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DOAN Thi Nhat An1 , NGUYEN Thi Phuong Anh1 , NGUYEN Kim Anh1 , NGUYEN Thi Kieu Diem1 , NGUYEN Thi Ngoc Dieu1 , BUI Anh Mai Huong1 , TRAN Thi Huong1 , NGUYEN Van Khai1 , PHAN Kim Loan1 , BUI Thi Nhan1 , NGUYEN Ngoc Tuyen1 , TRAN Thi My Trinh1 , TRAN Chi Phuong2 , MAI Pham Bao Tran3 , PHAM Thi Kim Mai4 , VUONG Nguyen Toan Thien5 , HUYNH Vo Tien6 , NGUYEN Truong Thanh Hai7
1. Faculty of Psychology, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
2. Faculty of Psychology, Van Hien University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
3. Lumos Psychotherapy Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
4. Clinical Social Work Department, Boston College, USA.
5. Faculty of Health Sciences, Hung Vuong University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
6. Phuong Chau International Hospital, Can Tho City, Vietnam.
7. Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Can Tho, Can Tho City, Vietnam.

MLA 8
Hai, NGUYEN Truong Thanh. "Neural bases of empathy and social interaction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A literature review from the perspective of Social Neuroscience." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 11, no. 6, June 2026, pp. 2693-2713, doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i06.016. Accessed June 2026.
APA 6
Hai, N. (2026, June). Neural bases of empathy and social interaction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A literature review from the perspective of Social Neuroscience. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 11(6), 2693-2713. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i06.016
Chicago
Hai, NGUYEN Truong Thanh. "Neural bases of empathy and social interaction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A literature review from the perspective of Social Neuroscience." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 11, no. 6 (June 2026), 2693-2713. Accessed June, 2026. https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i06.016.

References

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ABSTRACT:
Background: Empathy is a multidimensional construct subserved by highly dynamic and integrated neural networks. Historically, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been pathologized through the reductionist lens of an inherent "empathy deficit." However, emerging neurobiological evidence and the neurodiversity paradigm increasingly challenge this unilateral perspective.
Methods: This integrative review systematically synthesizes recent multimodal neuroimaging (fMRI, EEG) and neurochemical literature. We critically evaluate the functional architecture of the social brain, focusing on its application to ASD, the "Double Empathy Problem," and the confounding role of alexithymia.
Results: Our synthesis reveals that empathic processing operates across a continuous ecological cascade, integrating the Salience Network (affective sharing), Default Mode Network (cognitive mentalizing), and the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus (prosocial motivation). Crucially, the literature demonstrates a double dissociation in ASD: impaired cognitive mentalizing frequently arises from atypical global underconnectivity, whereas the blunted affective resonance often attributed to autism is predominantly driven by co-occurring alexithymia (manifesting as diminished anterior insula activation). Furthermore, evidence supports that communicative breakdowns in ASD represent bilateral neurocognitive mismatches rather than isolated autistic deficits.
Conclusion: The atypical empathic profiles observed in ASD reflect neurodivergent information processing and comorbid traits, not an innate lack of compassion. We advocate for the integration of hyperscanning technologies to bridge current ecological validity gaps and call for neurodiversity-affirming clinical interventions that prioritize adaptive neurological regulation over forced behavioral normalization.

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