International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research
Submit Paper

Title:
From Demographic Dividend to Silver Society: Lessons from Kerala and Japan’s Demographic Transition

Authors:
Dr Ganga R Menon and Dr Arathy S Nair

Journal: International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research (IJSSER)
ISSN: 2455-8834
Volume: 11
Issue: 8
Publication Date: August 2026
DOI: 10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i08.001

|| ||

Dr Ganga R Menon1 and Dr Arathy S Nair2
1. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, NSS Hindu College, Changanacherry
2. Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, HHMSPB NSS College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram

MLA 8
Menon, Dr Ganga R, and Dr Arathy S Nair. "From Demographic Dividend to Silver Society: Lessons from Kerala and Japan’s Demographic Transition." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 11, no. 8, Aug. 2026, pp. 3630-3639, doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i08.001. Accessed Aug. 2026.
APA 6
Menon, D., & Nair, D. (2026, August). From Demographic Dividend to Silver Society: Lessons from Kerala and Japan’s Demographic Transition. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 11(8), 3630-3639. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i08.001
Chicago
Menon, Dr Ganga R, and Dr Arathy S Nair. "From Demographic Dividend to Silver Society: Lessons from Kerala and Japan’s Demographic Transition." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 11, no. 8 (August 2026), 3630-3639. Accessed August, 2026. https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i08.001.

References

[1] . Chakraborty, P., & Anand, S. (2025). Demographic shift, pension liabilities, and fiscal sustainability: A case study of Kerala. Journal of Indian Economic Studies, 32(3), 204–221.
[2] . Centre for Economic and Social Studies. (2014). Health care financing and health insurance in Kerala: Fourteenth Finance Commission Studies. Centre for Economic and Social Studies.
[3] . Government of Kerala. (2026). Elderly budget 2026–27: Kerala budget document. Finance Department, Government of Kerala.
[4] . Government of Japan. (2025). Annual report on the ageing society. Cabinet Office, Government of Japan.
[5] . Ito, H. (2008). Population ageing and new challenges in health care systems for the elderly in Japan. Journal of Medical Association, 51(2), 123–130.
[6] . Irudaya Rajan, S. (2024). Kerala Migration Survey 2023. International Institute of Migration and Development (IIMAD) & Gulati Institute of Finance and Taxation (GIFT).
[7] . Kerala Kaumudi Bureau. (2026, May 20). Japan’s Ikigai model for elderly welfare: V D government plans new care policy. Kerala Kaumudi.
[8] . Kerala State Planning Board. (2024). Economic Review 2023. Government of Kerala.
[9] . MacKellar, L., & Horlacher, D. (2000). Population ageing in Japan: A brief survey. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 13(4), 413–430.
[10] . Mason, A., ed. (2001). Population Change and Economic Development in East Asia: Challenges Met, and Opportunities Seized. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
[11] . Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. (2026). Demographic transitions and the elderly: Projections up to 2036. Press Information Bureau, Government of India.
[12] . Mini, G. K. (2008). Socioeconomic and demographic diversity in the health status of elderly people in a transitional society, Kerala, India. Journal of Biosocial Science, 40(3), 465–480.
[13] . National Health Systems Resource Centre. (2024). National Health Accounts estimates for India (2021–22). Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
[14] . National Statistical Office. (2021). Elderly in India 2021 report. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.
[15] . Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2025). OECD Employment Outlook 2025: Country notes for Japan. OECD Publishing.
[16] . Our World in Data. (2024). Japan has the highest ratio of elderly people relative to working-age people globally. Our World in Data.
[17] . Rajan, S. Irudaya, Shajan, A., & Sunitha, S. (2020). Ageing and elderly care in Kerala. Social Change, 50(3), 410–425.
[18] . Reserve Bank of India. (2026). State finances: A study of budgets of 2025–26 – Demographic transition in India: Implications for state finances. Reserve Bank of India.
[19] . Santhosh, K., & Raj, M. (2025). The Kerala model of palliative care: Social capital and sustainability. International Journal of Care Operations, 14(2), 112–125.
[20] . Schneider, E. (2020). Shrinkanomics: Policy lessons from Japan on population ageing. Finance & Development, 57(1). International Monetary Fund.
[21] . Statistics Bureau of Japan. (2025). Annual report on the ageing society. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Government of Japan.
[22] . Tamiya, N., Noguchi, H., Nishi, A., R. M., & Ikegami, N. (2011). Population ageing and wellbeing: Lessons from Japan’s long-term care insurance policy. The Lancet, 378(9797), 1183–1192.
[23] . T, Chithra. (2026). Dynamics and Pattern of Demographic Dividend in Kerala: Opportunities and Challenges. The Voice of Creative Research. 8. 485-489. 10.53032/tvcr/2026.v8n2.55.
[24] . The Hindu. (2024, March 18). As student emigrants from Kerala double in five years, seats in state universities remain vacant. The Hindu.
[25] . United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. (2024). World population prospects 2024: Summary of results (UN DESA/POP/2024/TR/NO.1). United Nations.
[26] . World Bank. (2024). Age dependency ratio, old (% of working-age population) – Japan. World Bank Data Bank.

ABSTRACT:
One of the most important challenges faced in the 21st century is population ageing. When compared with other states in India, Kerala has entered the advanced stage of demographic transition. This study analyses the pattern of population ageing in Kerala and compares it with Japan, one of the world’s most aged societies. The study makes use of secondary data sources such as Census reports, National Statistical Office publications, Kerala Economic Review, United Nations databases, and Japanese demographic reports, the study applies trend analysis to examine changes in elderly population, old-age dependency, fertility, life expectancy, and migration patterns.

IJSSER is Member of