International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research
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Title:
Education and Jobs for women in India : Barriers and Government Initiatives

Authors:
Advita Singhvi

Journal: International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research (IJSSER)
ISSN: 2455-8834
Volume: 11
Issue: 9
Publication Date: September 2026
DOI: 10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i09.014

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Advita Singhvi
Oberoi International School

MLA 8
Singhvi, Advita. "Education and Jobs for women in India : Barriers and Government Initiatives." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 11, no. 9, Sept. 2026, pp. 4667-4706, doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i09.014. Accessed Sept. 2026.
APA 6
Singhvi, A. (2026, September). Education and Jobs for women in India : Barriers and Government Initiatives. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 11(9), 4667-4706. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i09.014
Chicago
Singhvi, Advita. "Education and Jobs for women in India : Barriers and Government Initiatives." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 11, no. 9 (September 2026), 4667-4706. Accessed September, 2026. https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i09.014.

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ABSTRACT:
Women's access to education and employment plays a vital role in promoting gender equality, economic growth, and social development in India. Despite improvements in female literacy and government efforts to expand opportunities for women, many women continue to face significant barriers that restrict their ability to attain higher education and participate in the workforce. Understanding these challenges is important because women constitute nearly half of India's population, and their full participation is essential for inclusive and sustainable national and economic development. Thus, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of existing government policies and to help identify areas where further reforms are needed to improve women's access to education and employment opportunities. This study has adopted a qualitative secondary research methodology, analysing academic journals, government reports, policy documents, and published research on women's education and employment in India. The collected sources were examined to identify the major barriers faced by women and to evaluate the extent to which national and state government policies address these challenges. The findings indicate that women continue to face interconnected barriers, including economic exclusion, marriage and family responsibilities, safety and mobility concerns, hiring discrimination, and the unequal burden of unpaid domestic work. While numerous government initiatives, such as scholarship schemes, reservation policies, childcare programmes, and safety initiatives, have improved access to education and employment, many of them primarily address immediate practical barriers rather than the underlying structural and social causes of gender inequality. The study concludes that although India has made significant progress, achieving long-term gender equality will require policies that not only expand opportunities but also address persistent social norms, wage disparities, workplace discrimination, and unequal distribution of household responsibilities in women's societies.

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