International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research
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Title:
No Student Falls Behind: Using Self-Assessment to Improve Academic Performance in Pre-school Children

Authors:
Advika Keshri and John Leddo

Journal: International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research (IJSSER)
ISSN: 2455-8834
Volume: 11
Issue: 9
Publication Date: September 2026
DOI: 10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i09.047

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Advika Keshri1 and John Leddo1,2,3
1. MyEdMaster, LLC, Virginia, USA
2. METY Technology, Inc., Virginia, USA
3. METY Foundation, Virginia, USA

MLA 8
Keshri, Advika, and John Leddo. "No Student Falls Behind: Using Self-Assessment to Improve Academic Performance in Pre-school Children." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 11, no. 9, Sept. 2026, pp. 5239-5258, doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i09.047. Accessed Sept. 2026.
APA 6
Keshri, A., & Leddo, J. (2026, September). No Student Falls Behind: Using Self-Assessment to Improve Academic Performance in Pre-school Children. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 11(9), 5239-5258. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i09.047
Chicago
Keshri, Advika, and John Leddo. "No Student Falls Behind: Using Self-Assessment to Improve Academic Performance in Pre-school Children." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 11, no. 9 (September 2026), 5239-5258. Accessed September, 2026. https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i09.047.

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ABSTRACT:
Early-childhood education can improve school readiness and reduce educational disadvantage, but access, cost, program quality, and the persistence of early gains remain challenges. The present study investigated whether a simple Cognitive Structure Analysis (CSA)-based self-assessment approach, previously shown to improve achievement in older students, could improve academic performance in preschool children. Participants were 56 five- and six-year-old students attending Birla Open Minds Preschools in Hyderabad, India. Students learned a classroom lesson on animal habitats and were assigned to a control condition or one of three self-assessment conditions that varied in template wording and timing. The control group received instruction followed by a 10-item test, whereas the self-assessment groups completed age-appropriate templates emphasizing factual and procedural knowledge. All three self-assessment groups obtained higher mean post-test scores than the control group. Template 1 produced a mean score of 8.00 compared with 6.36 for the control group, a statistically significant 16.4-percentage-point difference, t(30) = 2.17, p = .038, Hedges’ g = .75. Template 2 produced the largest effect, with a mean of 8.50, a 21.4-percentage-point advantage over the control group, t(22) = 2.39, p = .026, Hedges’ g = .96. Template 3 produced a higher mean than the control group but not a statistically significant difference. Template 2 also significantly outperformed Template 3, t(22) = 3.40, p < .003, Hedges’ g = 1.36. Score variability was significantly lower in each self-assessment condition than in the control condition, suggesting that self-assessment may particularly benefit lower-performing students and reduce performance disparities. These findings indicate that CSA-based self-assessment can be adapted successfully for preschoolers, with simple, age-appropriate language appearing important to effectiveness. The results support further investigation of self-assessment as a low-cost approach for improving and sustaining early academic achievement.

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