References
[1] . World Health Organization. (2025, March 31). Dementia. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dementia
[2] . World Health Organization. (2021, September 2). World failing to address dementia challenge. https://www.who.int/news/item/02-09-2021-world-failing-to-address-dementia-challenge
[3] . Taylor & Francis. Frederiksen, K. S., et al. (2024). Focusing on earlier diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Future Neurology. https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl-2023-0024
[4] . Sabbagh, M. N., et al. (2024). Rationale for Early Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Era of Disease-Modifying Treatments. The Journal of Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease.
[5] . Petersen, R. C., Caracciolo, B., Brayne, C., Gauthier, S., Jelic, V., & Fratiglioni, L. (2014). Mild cognitive impairment: A concept in evolution. Journal of Internal Medicine, 275(3), 214–228.https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12190
[6] . Figliano G, Manzi F, Tacci AL, Marchetti A, Massaro D (2023) Ageing society and the challenge for social robotics: A systematic review of Socially Assistive Robotics for MCI patients. PLoS ONE 18(11): e0293324. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293324
[7] . Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Liu, K. Y., et al. (2024). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission. The Lancet, 404(10452), 572-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)01296-0
[8] . Martínez-Nicolás, F. Llorente, M. Martínez-Sánchez, and J. A. Meilán, "Ten Years of Research on Automatic Voice and Speech Analysis of People with Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review," Frontiers in Psychology, vol. 12, 2021, Art. no. 620251.
[9] . S. de la Fuente Garcia, C. Ritchie, and S. Luz, "Artificial Intelligence, Speech and Language Processing Approaches to Monitoring Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review," Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 1547 to 1574, 2020.
[10] . Z. Jafari et al., "Diagnostic Utility of Speech-Based Biomarkers in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," BMJ Mental Health, 2025.
[11] . L. Huang et al., "Automatic Speech Analysis for Detecting Cognitive Decline of Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment," Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 12, 2024.
[12] . Blazquez-Folch, J., Calm, B., Hinojosa-Calleja, A., et al. (2026). Listening for Alzheimer's clues: Machine learning analysis of multidomain speech features for cognitive impairment screening. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 18, 1816747. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2026.1816747
[13] . Perumandla, B., Bae, I., Izaguirre, J., et al. (2025). Developing conversational speech systems for robots to detect speech biomarkers of cognition in people living with dementia.
[14] . Tsvetkova, P. (2026). Perceptions of the Furhat social robot administering a mental health assessment: A pilot mixed-method exploration. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 12, 1737028. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2025.1737028
[15] . Lang, L., Clifford, A., Wei, L., Zhang, D., Leung, D., Augustine, G., Danat, I. M., Zhou, W., Copeland, J. R. M., Anstey, K. J., & Chen, R. (2017). Prevalence and determinants of undetected dementia in the community: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 7(2), e011146. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011146
[16] . Park, E-A., Jung, A-R., & Lee, K-A. (2021). The Humanoid Robot Sil-Bot in a Cognitive Training Program for Community-Dwelling Elderly People with Mild Cognitive Impairment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8198. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158198
[17] . Lim, J-S., & Oh, H-K. (2025). Social robot PIO intervention for improving cognitive function and depression in older adults with mild to moderate dementia in day care centers: A randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE, 20(4), e0321745. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321745
[18] . Lim, J. (2023). Effects of a cognitive-based intervention program using social robot PIO on cognitive function, depression, loneliness, and quality of life of older adults living alone. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1097485. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1097485
[19] . Livingston, G., Huntley, J., Sommerlad, A., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., Cooper, C., Costafreda, S. G., Dias, A., Fox, N., Gitlin, L. N., Howard, R., Kales, H. C., Larson, E. B., Ritchie, K., Rockwood, K., Sampson, E. L., ... Mukadam, N. (2020). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 396(10248), 413-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30367-6
[20] . World Health Organization. (2019). Risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia: WHO guidelines. World Health Organization.https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241550543
[21] . Salvadori, E., & Pantoni, L., on behalf of the Società Italiana di NeuroGeriatria (SINEG). (2020). The role of the neuropsychologist in memory clinics. Neurological Sciences, 41(6), 1483–1488. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04253-4
[22] . Kales, H. C., Gitlin, L. N., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2015). Assessment and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. BMJ, 350, h369. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h369
[23] . Figueroa, D., Yamazaki, R., & Nishio, S. (2023). Social robot for older adults with cognitive decline: a preliminary trial. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 10, 1213705. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2023.1213705