The Implementation Gap: Studying the Real-World Accessibility of Jobs,
Banking Services, and Electoral Rights for Persons with Disabilities in India

Adrika Singhal

doi:10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i10.044

Title: The Implementation Gap: Studying the Real-World Accessibility of Jobs, Banking Services, and Electoral Rights for Persons with Disabilities in India
Authors: Adrika Singhal
Journal: International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research (IJSSER) ISSN: 2455-8834 Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Publication Date: October 2026 DOI: 10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i10.044
\|\| \|\|
Adrika Singhal Vasant Valley School New Delhi
MLA 8 Singhal, Adrika. "The Implementation Gap: Studying the Real-World Accessibility of Jobs, Banking Services, and Electoral Rights for Persons with Disabilities in India." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 11, no. 10, Oct. 2026, pp. 6104-6117, doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i10.044. Accessed Oct. 2026. APA 6 Singhal, A. (2026, October). The Implementation Gap: Studying the Real-World Accessibility of Jobs, Banking Services, and Electoral Rights for Persons with Disabilities in India. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 11(10), 6104-6117. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i10.044 Chicago Singhal, Adrika. "The Implementation Gap: Studying the Real-World Accessibility of Jobs, Banking Services, and Electoral Rights for Persons with Disabilities in India." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 11, no. 10 (October 2026), 6104-6117. Accessed October, 2026. https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2026.v11i10.044.
References [1] . Mitra, S. (2013). Disability prevalence among adults: Estimates for 54 countries and progress towards a global estimate. SSRN. [2] . The Disability Data Report Mitra, S. and Yap, J. (2021). The Disability Data Report. Disability Data Initiative. Fordham Research Consortium on Disability: New York https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3871045 [3] . Rahman, M. H. U. & International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai. (2005). Socio-economic inequality in the occurrence of disability in India: Evidence from a large scale sample survey. In Indian Human Development Survey [Journal-article]. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2334265 [4] . Reddy, C. R. (2011). From impairment to disability and beyond. In Indian Sociological Society, SOCIOLOGICAL BULLETIN (Vol. 60, Issue 2, pp. 287–306) [Journal-article]. [5] . Balakrishnan, A., Kulkarni, K., Moirangthem, S., Kumar, C. N., Math, S. B., & Murthy, P. (2019). The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016: Mental Health Implications. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 41(2), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpsym.ijpsym_364_18 [6] . Kumar, V., & Dwivedi, K. (2017). Sociology of Disability in India: A Victim of Disciplinary Apathy. Social Change, 47(3), 373-386. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049085717712816 [7] . Chanda, S., & Sekher, T. (2023). Identification of Disability for Inclusive Development: Lessons from Disability Census of Kerala, India. SAGE Open, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231190817 [8] . Laddha, C. (2016). Rights of person with Disabilities: A Human right approach. In None [None]. [9] . Shanaz. (n.d.). Advancing disability rights in India: From fragmented movements to inclusive policies. In University of Mysore, University of Mysore [Thesis]. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4448311 [10] . Singh, C. & Indian Institute of Management Bangalore. (2017). Financial inclusion of the disabled. In IIMB-WP N0. 556. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3024576 [11] . Gowda, G., Math, S., Basavaraju, V., Manjunatha, N., Kumar, C., Philip, S., & Gowda, M. (2019). The rights of persons with disability act, 2016: Challenges and opportunities. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(10), 809. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_105_19 [12] . C A, A., C, V., & Department of Education, School of Education, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India. (2019). A review of rights of persons with disability act (rpwd act) 2016 with special focus to the provisions for capacity enhancement of children with disabilities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH CULTURE SOCIETY, 18. [13] . Khatoon, F. (2026). Employment status of persons with disabilities in India: Insights from national sample survey data 2018. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 13, 102804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.102804 [14] . Mitra, S., & Sambamoorthi, U. (2008). Disability and the rural labor market in India: Evidence for males in Tamil Nadu. World Development, 36(5), 934–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.04.022 [15] . Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities. (n.d.). RPwD Act, 2016, rules & assessment guidelines. https://depwd.gov.in/en/document-category/acts/ [16] . Reserve Bank of India. (2014, May 21). Need for bank branches / ATMs to be made accessible to persons with disabilities. https://www.rbi.org.in/commonman/Upload/English/Notification/PDFs/DB13NT0514FS.pdf
ABSTRACT: Real world accessibility for the differently abled is an important aspect for any economy whether developed or developing. In developing countries like India the problem is accentuated not because of lack of laws or statutes but because of the inability of officials to implement various schemes. Rural and urban poor are particularly at a disadvantage in India as they have no idea on the availability of these schemes and neither are their parents aware that these can be availed free of cost. As far as banking services and electoral rights are concerned India has made great progress in both instituting methods as well as implementing them. The problem arises in the case of other areas like education, jobs and medical where there seems to be a huge gap in the services available and those that are actually aided. This paper has studied Kerala and UP to understand the manner in which these policies are being availed in the state. The conclusion that was arrived was that there were better facilities in the hundred percent literate state of Kerala where both the centre and the state implemented various schemes for the differently abled which were implemented and availed. This was not the case to the same extent in UP.

IJSSER is Member of