References
[1]. Aronson, E. (2000). Nobody left to hate developing the emphatic schoolroom. Beverly Hills, CA:
Sage Publication.
[2]. Cockcroft, W.J. (1982). Mathematical counts report of the committee of inquiry into the teaching
of mathematics in schools in England and Wales. London: HMSD.
[3]. D'amico, M & Schumid, R.F. (1997). Psychology Applied to teaching (8th ed). New York, NY:
Houghton Miffin Company.
[4]. Fox, M. F., Sonnert, G., & Nikiforova, I. (2011). Programs for undergraduate women in science
and engineering: Issues, problems, and solutions. Gender and Society, 25, 589-615.
[5]. Frenzel, T., Goetz, R., Pekrun, H & Watt, M.G. (2010). Development of mathematics interest in
adolescence: influences of gender, family, and school context. Journal of Research on
Adolescence, 20(2), 507-537.
[6]. Gall, M.D., & Borg, W.R (6th ed.). (1987). Education Research: An introduction. New York:
Person Education Inc.
[7]. KCSE (2008-2014). Mathematics past papers. Nairobi: KNEC.
[8]. KIE (2000-2007). Examination report, Vol 1. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Institute of Education.
[9]. KIE (2002). Secondary education syllabus vol.2. Nairobi: KIE.
[10]. KNEC (2004). KCSE Examination Report 2002: Nairobi: KNEC.
[11]. KNEC (2016). KCSE Mathematics reports in Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Government Printers.
[12]. Laikipia County Data Sheets (2013). List of public and private secondary schools in Laikipia
County. Retrieved from https://www.opendata.go.ke/.../counties/...
[13]. Laikipia County Education Office (2016). KCSE Mathematics Results for Laikipia County
secondary schools. Retrieved from https://www.kcse.go.ke/.../counties/...
[14]. Marsh, H. W. (1990). A multidimensional hierarchical self-concept: Theoretical and empirical
justification. Educational Psychology Review, 2(2), 77-172.
[15]. Marsh, H. W., & Craven, R. (1997). Academic self-concept: Beyond the dustbowl. In G.Phye
(Ed.), Handbook of classroom assessment: Learning, achievement, and adjustment
(pp.131-198). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
[16]. Marsh, H. W., Trautwein, U., Ludtke, O., Keoller, O., & Baumert, J. (2005). Academic selfconcept, interest, grades, and standardized test scores: Reciprocal effects models of
causal ordering. Child Development, 76, 397-416.
[17]. Mugenda, M.O. & Mugenda, A.G. (1999). Research methods. Qualitative and quantitative
approaches. Nairobi, Kenya: CTS Press.
[18]. Ndimbirwe, J. B. (1995). Factors causing underachievement in mathematics among secondary
school girls in Zambia. In: abridged report no. 7. Lusaka: Academy Science Publishers.
[19]. Neer, M.R. (1987). The development of an instrument to measure classroom apprehension.
Communication Education, 36, 154-166.
[20]. O' connor, M. (2000). The open-ended approach in mathematics education. Nairobi: Kenya
SMASSE Project.
[21]. Ogunniyi, B.M. (1992). Science, technology and mathematics. The problem of developing
critical human capital in Africa. International Journal of Science Education, 18(3), 284.
[22]. Opachich, G., & Kadijevich, D. J. (1998). Mathematical self-concept: An operational and its
validity. P sihologija, 30 (5), 395-412.
[23]. Panitz, T. (1996). Getting students ready for cooperative learning. Cooperative learning and
College Teaching, 6 (2), 96.
[24]. Shavelson, R. J., Hubner, J. J. & Stanton, J.C. (1976). Self Concept: Validation of Construct
Interpretations. Review of Educational Research, 46, 407-441.
[25]. SMASSE (2000a). Laikipia East baseline survey. Nairobi: Laikipia SMASSE printing press.
[26]. SMASSE (2000b). Mathematics teaching methods. Nairobi: SMASSE.