References
[1]. Abdi, F. (2014). factors that influence women participation in entrepreneurial activities; Mandera
Kenya. Nairobi Kenya: University of Nairobi.
[2]. Abdi, F. (n.d.). Factors that influence womens paricipation in entreprenuurial activities. Mandera
kenya: Univrsity of Nairobi.
[3]. Adesope, O. M. (2007). Agricultural youth organizations: introductory concepts. Port Harcourt:
University of Port Harcourt.
[4]. Akinboye, O. E. (2007). Factors Affecting Youth Participation in Community Development in
Remo North Governmen. ogun State: The Social Sciences.
[5]. Angba, O. A. (2009). Effect of socioeconomic characteristics of rural youths on their attitude
towards participation in community development projects. International NGO Journal .
[6]. Ani, A. O. (1999). Towards rural development: a conceptual model for rural-urban balance in
Nigeria published in sustainable agricultural development principles. mainasara
publishing company. , Pp.65-66.
[7]. Arnstein, S. (1969). A Ladder of Citizen Participation. JAIP, 216-224.
[8]. Axelsson, e. (2010). investigated the importance of peoples, participation and involvement in egovernment
projects in Sweden. Gutenberg Journal of Sociology, 23-26.
[9]. Bamberger, M. (1988). The Role of Community Participation in Development Planning and
Project Management. Washington: World Bank Publishing.
[10]. Bhatnagar. (1998). Participatory Development and The World Bank, Potential Directions for
Change. Washington: World Bank Publishers.
[11]. Botes, L. (2000). Community participation in development: nine plagues and twelve
commandments. Community Development Journal.
[12]. Chinguta, F. (2009). Understanding Exclusion and Creating Value: A look at youth livelihoods
in informal settlement in Zambia. Oxford: Study Report II Oxford University Press .
[13]. Choguill, M. (1996). A ladder of community participation for underdeveloped countries. Habitat
International, 20(3), 431-444.
[14]. Corp, M. (2009). Lessons from Practice: A Post-Impact Investigation of Mercy Corps' Youth
Education for Life Skills (YES) and YES to Soccer Programs in Liberia. Mercy Corp
Publishers.
[15]. DFID. (2014). Youth Participation in Development, Department for International Development.
London: London Press.
[16]. Gemma, A. (2014). creating youth employment through entrepreneurship financing. Nairobi:
University of Nairobi.
[17]. Goodman, R. M. (1998). Identifying and defining the dimensions of community capacity to
provide a basis for measurement. Health, Education and Behaviour, 25(3):258-278.
[18]. H., S. (2015). Development of Human Capabilities. Over sees development institute ODI.
Human Development Report 2013. United Nations Producation Unit.
[19]. Hallett, B. (1999). Youth Participation in Australia. Paper pressented international Youth
Confrence. Australia .
[20]. Himberg. (2009). The benefits and constraints of participation in forest management. Nairobi:
Fennia.
[21]. Jibowo, A. (1996). The Youths in Sustainable Rural Development. A Study of Youth
Programmes in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State.
[22]. Khwaja, A. (2004). Is Increasing Community Participation Always A Good Thing? Journal of
the European Economic Association, 2(2-3):427- 436.
[23]. Kothari, C. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New Delhi: International
P Limited.
[24]. L., S. A. (2008). The Development Challenges in the 21st Century. Youth in Participatory
Development. Augustine Compus, 4142.
[25]. Majale, M. (2008). Employment creation through participatory urban planning and slum
upgrading. Habitat International , 32: 270-282.
[26]. Masanyiwa, Z. . (2008). Analysis of Community Participation in Projects Managed by NonGovernmental
Organizations A Case of World Vision in Central Tanzania. Institute of
Development Studies.
[27]. Miller, J.H. (2007). Complex Adaptive Systems. An Introduction to Computational Models of
Social Life. Princeton Journal.
[28]. Muriu, A. (2012). Decentralization, Citizen Participation and Local Public Service Delivery. A
Study on the Nature and Influence of Citizen Participation on Decentralized Service
[29]. Delivery in Kenya. Potsdam, Germany: University of Potsdam.
[30]. Nikkhah H. A. (2009). Participation as a Medium of Empowerment in Community Development.
European Journal of Social Sciences , 32-33.
[31]. NSW. (1998). child protection council Report. NSW.
[32]. P., K. (2002). Anthropology: The Exploration of Human Diversity (12th edition). New York:
McGraw Hill.
[33]. Programme, U. N. (2012). Somalia Human Development Report. Nairobi: UNON Pulishing
Service SECTION.
[34]. Reid, N. (2000). How People Power Brings Sustainable Benefits to Communities. USDA Rural
Development.
[35]. Salama, R. (2010). an evaluation of youth participation in economic development and poverty
reduction strategies. Garowe: University of Nairobi.
[36]. Samah, A. (2009). People's Participation in Community Development: A Case Study in a
Planned Village Settlement in Malaysia. Kuala Lampur, Malaysia: World Rural
Observations .
[37]. Silverman, R. (2009). Progressive Reform, Gender, and Institutional Structure: A Critical
Analysis of Citizen Participation in Detroit's Community Development Corporations
(CDCs). Urban Studies, 2731-2750.
[38]. Somalia, P. S. (2011). Puntland National Youth Policy. Garowe, Somalia: MoLYS.
[39]. Staudt, K. (1991). Management Development- State, Society and International Contexts. 12-14.
[40]. Wamuthenya, L. (2010). Factors influencing participation in formal and informal employment in
Kenya. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Labour Force Survey.