References
[1]. Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control
(pp.11-39). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
[2]. Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American psychologist, 44(9),
1175.
[3]. Brehm, S. S., & Brehm, J. W. (1981). Psychological reactance: A theory of freedom and control.
New York: Academic Press.
[4]. Byrne, S., & Hart, P. S. (2009). The Boomerang Effect: A Synthesis of Findings and a
Preliminary Theoretical Framework. Annals of the International Communication Association,
33(1), 3-37.
[5]. Caldeira, K. M., O'Grady, K. E., Garnier-Dykstra, L. M., Vincent, K. B., Pickworth, W.B., &
Arria, A. M. (2012). Cigarette smoking among college students: longitudinal trajectories and
health outcomes. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 14(7), 777-785.
[5]. Chang, C. (2007). The relative effectiveness of comparative and noncomparative advertising:
Evidence for gender differences in information-processing strategies. Journal of Advertising,
36(1), 21-35.
[7]. Cohen, E. L., Shumate, M. D., & Gold, A. (2007). Anti-smoking media campaign messages:
Theory and practice. Health Communication, 22(2), 91-102.
[8]. Darley, W. K., & Smith, R. E. (1995). Gender differences in information processing strategies:
An empirical test of the selectivity model in advertising response. Journal of Advertising, 24(1),
41-56.
[9]. Durkin, S., Brennan, E.,& Wakefield, M. (2012). Mass media campaigns to promote smoking
cessation among adults: an integrative review. Tobacco control, 21(2), 127-138.
[10]. Emmons, K. M., Wechsler, H., Dowdall, G., & Abraham, M. (1998). Predictors of smoking
among US college students. American journal of public health, 88(1), 104-107
[11]. Festinger, L. (1962). A theory of cognitive dissonance (Vol. 2). Stanford university press.
[12]. Fisher, R. J., & Dube, L. (2005). Gender differences in responses to emotional advertising: A
social desirability perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(4), 850-858.
[13]. Flay, B. R. (1987). Mass media and smoking cessation: a critical review. American Journal of
Public Health, 77(2), 153-160.
[14]. Flynn, B. S., Worden, J. K., Bunn, J. Y., Connolly, S. W., & Dorwaldt, A. L. (2011). Evaluation
of smoking prevention television messages based on the elaboration likelihood model. Health
education research, 26(6), 976-987.
[15]. Hochbaum, G., Rosenstock, I., & Kegels, S. (1952). Health belief model. United States Public
Health Service.
[16]. Hogg, M. K., & Garrow, J. (2003). Gender, identity and the consumption of advertising.
Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 6(3), 160-174.
[17]. Hong, Y. H., Soh, C. H., Khan, N., Abdullah, M. M. B., & Teh, B. H. (2013). Effectiveness of
anti-smoking advertising: The roles of message and media. International Journal of
Business and Management, 8(19), 55-62.
[18]. Kaur, J., & Jain, D. C. (2011). Tobacco control policies in India: implementation and challenges.
Indian journal of public health, 55(3), 220.
[19]. Kumar, R., Alka, S., Khushwah, M. A., Prakash, S., & Vijayan, V. K. (2010). A study of tobacco
consumption among college students of university of Delhi, India. Indian Journal of Preventive
Social Medicine, 41, 198-202.
[20]. Larsen, J. T., & Cohen, L. M. (2009). Smoking attitudes, intentions, and behaviour among
college student smokers: Positivity outweighs negativity. Addiction Research & Theory, 17(6),
637-649.
[21]. Leventhal, H, Jones, S & Singer, R. (1965). Effects of fear and specificity of
recommendation upon attitudes and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
2(1), 20-29
[22]. McKay, A. J., Patel, R. K., & Majeed, A. (2015). Strategies for tobacco control in India: A
systematic review. PloS one, 10(4), e0122610.
[23]. Mishra, G. A., Pimple, S. A., & Shastri, S. S. (2012). An overview of the tobacco problem in
India. Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology : Official Journal of Indian Society of
Medical & Paediatric Oncology, 33(3), 139-145.
[24]. Moore, D. J. (2007). Emotion as a mediator of the influence of gender on advertising
effectiveness: Gender differences in online self-reports. Basic and applied social psychology,
29(3), 203-211.
[25]. Pednekar, M. S. (2008). The Impact of Tobacco Use and/or Body Composition on Adult
Mortality in Urban Developing Country Population. Results from the Mumbai Cohort Study,
Mumbai, India, 1991-2003. Tampere University Press.
[26]. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. In
Communication and persuasion (pp. 1-24). Springer New York.
[27]. Reisi, M., Javadzade, S. H., Shahnazi, H., Sharifirad, G., Charkazi, A., & Moodi, M. (2014).
Factors affecting cigarette smoking based on health-belief model structures in pre-university
students in Isfahan, Iran. Journal of education and health promotion,
[28]. Rise, J., Kovac, V., Kraft, P., & Moan, I. S. (2008). Predicting the intention to quit smoking and
quitting behaviour: Extending the theory of planned behaviour. British journal of health
psychology, 13(2), 291-310.
[29]. Ruiter, R. A., Abraham, C., & Kok, G. (2001). Scary warnings and rational precautions: A
review of the psychology of fear appeals. Psychology and Health, 16(6), 613-630.
[30]. Schneider, F. W., Gruman, J. A., & Coutts, L. M. (2011). Applied social psychology:
Understanding and addressing social and practical problems. Sage.
[31]. Shen, L. (2015). Antecedents to psychological reactance: The impact of threat, message
frame, and choice. Health communication, 30(10), 975-985.
[32]. Shen, L. (2015). Targeting Smokers With Empathy Appeal Antismoking Public Service
Announcements: A Field Experiment. Journal of health communication, 20(5), 573-580.
[33]. Shen, L., & Coles, V. B. (2015). Fear and Psychological Reactance. Zeitschrift for Psychologie.
Smith, K. H., & Stutts, M. A. (2006). The influence of individual factors on the effectiveness of
message content in antismoking advertisements aimed at adolescents. Journal of Consumer
Affairs, 40(2), 261-293.
[34]. The MPOWER package, warning about the dangers of tobacco. Geneva: WHO; 2011. WHO
Report on The Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2011.
[35]. Wechsler, H., Rigotti, N. A., Gledhill-Hoyt, J., & Lee, H. (1998). Increased levels of cigarette
use among college students: a cause for national concern. JAMA, 280(19), 1673-1678.
[36]. Wetter, D. W., Kenford, S. L., Welsch, S. K., Smith, S. S., Fouladi, R. T., Fiore, M. C., &
Baker, T. B. (2004). Prevalence and predictors of transitions in smoking behavior among
college students. Health psychology, 23(2), 168-177.
[37]. World Health Organization. (2013). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2013:
enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. World Health Organization.
[38]. World Health Organization. Reducing the glamorization of tobacco movies on theatre and in
music videos. Tobacco Free Initiative, 12th September, 2002; Pp-1-6
[39]. Zhu, S. H., Lee, M., Zhuang, Y. L., Gamst, A., & Wolfson, T. (2012). Interventions to increase
smoking cessation at the population level: how much progress has been made in the last two
decades? Tobacco control, 21(2), 110-118.
[40]. Zhu, W. H., Yang, L., Jiang, C. Q., Deng, L. Z., Lam, T. H., Zhang, J. Y., & Chan, S. S. (2010).
[41]. Characteristics of smokers and predictors of quitting in a smoking cessation clinic in Guangzhou,
China. Journal of Public Health, 32(2), 267-276.
International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research
