Odeh E.E1 , Odibo S.M2 , Agbo3 , H.C, Atu4 , C.O, Oko, T.O5 . and Ezirim, G.E.6
1,2,3,4. Department of Political Science, Renaissance University Ugbawka, Enugu State
5,6. Department of Political Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka

MLA 8
E.E, Odeh. "CYBERCRIME ACT AND FREEDOM OF THE PRESS IN NIGERIA, 2015-2021." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 7, no. 7, July 2022, pp. 1853-1874, doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2022.v07i07.009. Accessed July 2022.
APA 6
E.E, O. (2022, July). CYBERCRIME ACT AND FREEDOM OF THE PRESS IN NIGERIA, 2015-2021. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 7(7), 1853-1874. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2022.v07i07.009
Chicago
E.E, Odeh. "CYBERCRIME ACT AND FREEDOM OF THE PRESS IN NIGERIA, 2015-2021." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 7, no. 7 (July 2022), 1853-1874. Accessed July, 2022. https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2022.v07i07.009.

References

[1]. Abubakar, U. (2016). The true story of my arrest by EFCC. Daily Post, August 18, 2016, http://bit.ly/2fpmydo.
[2]. Adibe, R., Ike, C.C. & Udeogu, C.U. (2017). Press Freedom and Nigeria’s Cybercrime Act of 2015: An Assessment, Africa Spectrum, 52(2), pp. 117-127.
[3]. Amnesty International, (2017). World Press Freedom Day: Federal Government rejects Nigeria’s ranking. Retrieved on 4th May 2017.
[4]. Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), adopted by General Assembly of the United Nations on 1948, Geneva.
[5]. Article 9 of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, (1981), Nairobi.
[6]. Blaydes, L. (2010). Elections and distributive politics in Mubarak’s Egypt. New York: Cambridge University Press.
[7]. Charter of the United Nations (1945), San Francisco.
[8]. Diamond, Larry, and Morlino, L. (2005), Assessing the quality of democracy. Johns Hopkins University Press, p.xli.
[9]. Ehimen O.R., Bola A. (2010), Cybercrime in Nigeria. Business Intelligence Journal - January 2010 Vol.3 No.1, 93-98.
[10]. Essien, R. (2011), EFCC & NCC websites hacked. Naija Log (blog), Daily Times, October 29, 2011, http://bit.ly/1amPau6.
[11]. Ezirim, G. (2010), Transnational organized crimes and West African states: A focus on Nigeria’s external relations, 1989-2006. Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing GmbH & Co. KG.
[12]. Federal Government of Nigeria (1999), Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, Abuja: FGN.
[13]. Federal Government of Nigeria (2004), Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (Establishment) Act, Abuja: FGN.
[14]. Federal Government of Nigeria (2015), Cybercrime [Prohibition, Prevention, Detection, Prosecution, and Punishment] Act, Abuja: FGN.
[15]. Financial Times, (2017). Narendra Modi’s illiberal drift threatens Indian democracy. 18 August 2017.
[16]. Freedom House (2016). Nigeria: Online Freedom Index, New York: Freedom House.
[17]. Freedom House (2016b). Nigeria: World Press Freedom Index, New York: Freedom House.
[18]. Gandhi, J. (2008). Political institutions under dictatorship. New York: Cambridge University Press.
[19]. Gandhi, J. and Ellen, L. (2009). “Elections under authoritarianism”. Annual Review of Political Science 12:403-422.
[20]. Gbenga, O. (2015). Are these the guys that breached INEC’s Website? Abuja, Nigeria. Retrieved on 30/03/2015.
[21]. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), Adopted by General Assembly of the United Nations on 19 December, 1966, Geneva.
[22]. Ivan T. B. (2015). Unfinished Europe: Transition from communism to democracy in Central and Eastern Europe, Journal of contemporary history. Vol. 50(4), 768-785.DOI: 10.1177/0022009415596845.
[23]. Jamilah, N. (2018). World Press Freedom Index: Nigeria up three places-but still in the red zone. Retrieved on 5th May 2018 from https://www.thecable.ng/press-freedom-index-nigeria-up-three-places-but-still-in-red-zone.
[24]. Juan, C.C. (2009). The unfinished transition to democracy in Latin America. Routledge. P.I.
[25]. La Rue, F. (2011). United Nations Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteurs on Freedom of Opinion and Expression. UN Digital Library, Geneva.
[26]. Maho, A. (2016). Freedom of Expression, Cybercrimes Act, Matters Arising, in Nigerian Pilot, online: http://nigerianpilot.com/freedom-expression-cybercrimes-act-matters-arising/ (14. April 2017).
[27]. Mbamalu, S. (2021). Nigeria Rank 120th of 180 Countries in Press freedom Index: Foundation for Investigative Journalism, Nigeria.
[28]. Mordi, M. (2019). Is Nigeria really the Headquarters of Cybercrime in the world? The Guardian, 27 August, 2019, Nigeria.
[29]. Nicholas, I. (2015). Nigeria blogger accused of defaming Fidelity bank MD gets bail. Premium Times, September 1, 2015, http://bit./1JEKS6w.
[30]. Nkanga, P. (2016). How Nigeria’s Cybercrime Law Is Being Used to Try to Muzzle the Press, in Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), online: (29 July 2017).
[31]. Nkasi, W. (2021). Nigerian Press Freedom in grave danger. Council on Foreign Relations Lagos.
[32]. Obiejesi, K. (2017). Nigeria drops again o Press Freedom Ranking; Reporters Without Borders on April 26, 2017.
[33]. Ogala, E. (2015). How Premium Times survived massive cyber-attacks during presidential election coverage. Premium Times, April 5, 2015, http://bit.ly/1G41UH5.
[34]. Ogala, E. (2015b). NIGERIA: Hacking team, Bayelsa’s government’s Internet surveillance contractor, hacked. Premium Times, July 6, 2015, http://bit.ly/1GfmXYj.
[35]. O’Neli, P. (2010). Essentials of comparative politics. 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. Pp.162-163.
[36]. Paradigm Initiative Nigeria, (2016). PIN calls for the immediate release of arrested bloggers and a review of Cybercrime law. Press release, August 9, 2016, http://bit.ly/2eKLOHn.
[37]. Paradigm Initiative Nigeria, (2016b). Digital rights and freedom bill passes second reading. Press release, June 23, 2016, https://pinigeria.org/digital-rights-and-freedom-bill-passes-second-reading/.
[38]. Sahara Reporters (2017). Nigeria’s Press Freedom Record Worsens in One Year, Reports, 26 April, online: (1 May 2017).
[39]. Techloy, (2015). Nigeria’s President Jonathan sign the Cybercrime Bill into law, Techloy, May 16, 2015, http://bit.ly/1RdeipQ.
[40]. Tobi, A. (2020). Nigeria ranks 115th on Press Freedom Index. Punch Newspapers, Abuja.
[41]. Tokunbo, A. (2003). Rise of illiberal democracy in Nigeria. This Day/Anchor Newspapers. October 21, 2003. https://www.inigerian.com/author/toku/\
[42]. Tomiwa, I. (2016). The Nigerian Cybercrimes Act 2015: Is it Uhuru Yet? https//:www.orderpaper.ng/author/zero one.
[43]. United Nations General Assembly (57th session: 2003). Creation of a global culture of cyber security: resolution/adopted by the General Assembly. United Nations Digital Library, New York.
[44]. Waask, R. & Krishna, V. V. (2003). Science, Technology and Society. Sage Publications, New Delhi/Thousand Oaks/London.
[45]. Yekini, J. (2021), World Press Freedom Day: ActionAid Nigeria urges government to create safe environment for Journalists, Nigerian Tribune.
[46]. Yodatai, K. (2018). Press Freedom Index (the lowest=perfect score). Retrieved from https://knoema.com/atlas/Nigeria/topics/World-Ranking/Press-Freedom-Index/
[47]. Zakaria, F. (1997). The Rise of Illiberal Democracy. Foreign Affairs (November–December 1997). Retrieved 6 July 2013.