IJSSER

Title: DETERMINANTS OF THE PAID AND UNPAID WORKFORCE IN THE SELF-EMPLOYMENT: A GENDERS’ PERSPECTIVE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FROM LEH DISTRICT, LADAKH
Authors: Dr. Tsering Yangzom
\|\| \|\|
Dr. Tsering Yangzom P.G. Department of Economics, University of Jammu, J&K-UT, India
MLA 8 Yangzom, Dr. Tsering. "DETERMINANTS OF THE PAID AND UNPAID WORKFORCE IN THE SELF-EMPLOYMENT: A GENDERS’ PERSPECTIVE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FROM LEH DISTRICT, LADAKH." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 7, no. 9, Sept. 2022, pp. 2791-2802, doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2022.v07i09.002. Accessed Sept. 2022. APA 6 Yangzom, D. (2022, September). DETERMINANTS OF THE PAID AND UNPAID WORKFORCE IN THE SELF-EMPLOYMENT: A GENDERS’ PERSPECTIVE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FROM LEH DISTRICT, LADAKH. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 7(9), 2791-2802. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2022.v07i09.002 Chicago Yangzom, Dr. Tsering. "DETERMINANTS OF THE PAID AND UNPAID WORKFORCE IN THE SELF-EMPLOYMENT: A GENDERS’ PERSPECTIVE EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FROM LEH DISTRICT, LADAKH." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 7, no. 9 (September 2022), 2791-2802. Accessed September, 2022. https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2022.v07i09.002.
References [1]. Dubey, A. Olsen, W. & Sen, K. (2017). The Decline in the Labour Force Participation of Rural Women in India: Taking a Long Run View. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 60, 589-612 [2]. Dvoulety, O. (2018). Determinants of Self-employment with and without Employees: Empirical Findings from Europe, International Review of Entrepreneurship, 16(3), 405-426 [3]. Kumari, R. & Pandey, A. (2012). Women’s Work Participation in Labour Market in Contemporary India. Journal of Community Positive Practices, 1, 18-35 [4]. International Labour Organisation, (2013). Why is Women’s Labour Force Participation is Dropping? [5]. Menon, N. & Rodgers, Y.V. M. (2011). How Access to Credit Affects Self- Employment: Differences by Gender During India’s Rural Banking Reforms. The Journal of Development Studies, 47 (1), 48-69 DOI:10.1080/00220381003706486 [6]. Merfeld, J.D. (2019). Moving Up or Just Surviving? Non-Farm Self-Employment in India. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 102(1), 32-53 [7]. Simoes, N., Crespo, N., & Moreira, S.B. (2016). Individual Determinants of Self-Employment Entry: What do we really know?Journal of Economic Surveys, 30 (4), 783-806 [8]. Tamvada, J.P. (2010). The Dynamics of Self Employment in a Developing Country: Evidence from India. Munich Personal RePEc Archivehttps://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/20041/ [9]. Verheul, I., Thurik, R., &Grilo, I. (2006). Determinants of Self-Employment Preference and Realization of Women and Men in Europe and the United States. Scientific Analysis of Entrepreneurship and SMEs, EIM Business & Policy Research [10]. Yangzom, T. (2013). Occupational Distribution of the Rural Workforce of Leh District- Preliminary Findings. Ladakh Studies, 29, 13-18
ABSTRACT: The problem of gender disparity in labour market is a persistent global phenomenon and every country is doing its best to overcome it. However, the disparity is still persisting and moreover, it is going to take a long time to have gender parity because the problem is deeply rooted into the fabric of society. The paper mainly aims to study the factors which are responsible for unpaid workforce in the self-employment. Therefore, there are three main objectives. Firstly, to study the extent of gender differences in self-employment workforce. Secondly, to study the association between genders and the unpaid workforce and finally, to identify the determinants of paid and unpaid workforce. The study is based a primary data and it is a cross sectional data. The data is collected from 705 individuals who are in the self-employment category. The various statistical tools have been like mean and frequency in order to examine the extent of gender differences and, correlation and regression tests to study association and identify determinants. It has been witnessed that the males have higher representation in paid workforce and females in unpaid. Sector-wise, the rural people are more economically active than the urban people regardless of the gender. There is a significant association between genders and the unpaid workforce. The gender and age are the two main determinants of the unpaid workforce.

IJSSER is Member of