References
[1] . Global Nutrition Report. (2020). 2020 global nutrition report. 2020 Global Nutrition Report - Global Nutrition Report. https://globalnutritionreport.org/reports/2020-global-nutrition-report/
[2] . UNICEF. (2023, March 6). Malnutrition in mothers soars by 25 per cent in crisis-hit countries, putting women and newborn babies at risk. UNICEF.
https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/malnutrition-mothers-soars-25-cent-crisis-hit-countries-putting-women-and-n ewborn
[3] . Osendarp, Saskia & Akuoku, Jonathan & Black, Robert & Headey, Derek & Ruel, Marie & Scott, Nick & Shekar, Meera & Walker, Neff & Flory, Augustin & Haddad, Lawrence & Laborde, David & Stegmuller, Angela & Thomas, Milan & Heidkamp, Rebecca. (2021). The COVID-19 crisis will exacerbate maternal and child undernutrition and child mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Nature Food. 2. 1-9.10.1038/s43016-021-00319-4.
[4] . Moench-Pfanner, R., Silo, S., Laillou, A., Wieringa, F., Hong, R., Hong, R., Poirot, E., & Bagriansky, J. (2016). The Economic Burden of Malnutrition in Pregnant Women and Children under 5 Years of Age in Cambodia. Nutrients, 8(5), 292.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8050292
[5] . Ngamasana, E. L., & Moxie, J. (2024). Cash transfer, maternal and child health outcomes: a scoping review in sub-Saharan Africa. Global health action, 17(1), 2309726. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2024.2309726
[6] . Lassi, Z. S., Padhani, Z. A., Rabbani, A., Rind, F., Salam, R. A., Das, J. K., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2020). Impact of Dietary Interventions during Pregnancy on Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Nutrients, 12(2), 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020531
[7] . USAID (n.d.). SBCC Pathways for Improved Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition Practices. Spring Nutrition.
https://spring-nutrition.org/publications/briefs/sbcc-pathways-improved-maternal-infant-and-young-child-nutrition-p ractices
[8] . Ruati, R. (2024, February 23). Cash transfers improve livelihoods for children and mothers in Aweil East. UNICEF South Sudan.
https://www.unicef.org/southsudan/stories/cash-transfers-improve-livelihoods-children-and-mothers-aweil-east
[9] . Grijalva-Eternod, C. S., Jelle, M., Haghparast-Bidgoli, H., Colbourn, T., Golden, K., King, S., Cox, C. L., Morrison, J., Skordis-Worrall, J., Fottrell, E., & Seal, A. J. (2018). A cash-based intervention and the risk of acute malnutrition in children aged 6–59 months living in internally displaced persons camps in Mogadishu, Somalia: A non-randomised cluster trial. PLOS Medicine, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002684
[10] . Masiano, S. P., Kawende, B., Ravelomanana, N. L. R., Green, T. L., Dahman, B., Thirumurthy, H., Kimmel, A. D., & Yotebieng, M. (2023). Economic costs and cost-effectiveness of conditional cash transfers for the uptake of services for the prevention of vertical HIV transmissions in a resource-limited setting. Social science & medicine (1982), 320, 115684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115684
[11] . Seonandan, P., & McKerrow, N. (2016). A review of infant and Young Child Feeding Practice in hospital and the home in KwaZulu-Natal midlands. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 29(3), 111–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2016.1198567
[12] . Rasella, D., Alves, F. J. O., Rebouças, P., Jesus, G. S. de, Barreto, M. L., Campello, T., & Paixao, E. S. (2021, June 1). Long-term impact of a conditional cash transfer programme on Maternal Mortality: A nationwide analysis of Brazilian Longitudinal Data - BMC Medicine. BioMed Central. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-021-01994-7
[13] . Alves, F. J., Ramos, D., Paixão, E. S., Falcão, I. R., de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva, R., Fiaccone, R., Rasella, D., Teixeira, C., Machado, D. B., Rocha, A., de Almeida, M. F., Goes, E. F., Rodrigues, L. C., Ichihara, M. Y., Aquino,E. M., & Barreto, M. L. (2023). Association of conditional cash transfers with maternal mortality using the 100 million Brazilian cohort. JAMA Network Open, 6(2).
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.0070
[14] . Manley, J., Alderman, H., & Gentilini, U. (2022). More evidence on cash transfers and Child Nutritional Outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Global Health, 7(4).
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008233
[15] . Patwardhan, V. (2023). The impact of the Mamata Conditional Cash Transfer program on Child nutrition in odisha, India. Health Economics, 32(9), 2127–2146. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4720
[16] . Grijalva-Eternod, C. S., Jelle, M., Haghparast-Bidgoli, H., Colbourn, T., Golden, K., King, S., Cox, C. L., Morrison, J., Skordis-Worrall, J., Fottrell, E., & Seal, A. J. (2018). A cash-based intervention and the risk of acute malnutrition in children aged 6–59 months living in internally displaced persons camps in Mogadishu, Somalia: A non-randomised cluster trial. PLOS Medicine, 15(10).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002684
[17] . Field, E., & Maffioli, E. (2019, September 12). The Impact of Maternal Cash Transfers on Child Malnutrition in Myanmar. Innovation for Poverty Action.
https://poverty-action.org/study/impact-maternal-cash-transfers-child-malnutrition-myanmar
[18] . Olney, D. K., Leroy, J., Bliznashka, L., & Ruel, M. T. (2018). PROCOMIDA, a Food-Assisted Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Program, Reduces Child Stunting in Guatemala: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial. The Journal of nutrition, 148(9), 1493–1505. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy138
[19] . Leroy, J. L., Olney, D., & Ruel, M. (2016). Tubaramure, a Food-Assisted Integrated Health and Nutrition Program in Burundi, Increases Maternal and Child Hemoglobin Concentrations and Reduces Anemia: A Theory-Based Cluster-Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial. The Journal of nutrition, 146(8), 1601–1608. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.227462
[20] . Leroy, J. L., Olney, D., & Ruel, M. (2016). Tubaramure, a Food-Assisted Integrated Health and Nutrition Program in Burundi, Increases Maternal and Child Hemoglobin Concentrations and Reduces Anemia: A Theory-Based Cluster-Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial. The Journal of nutrition, 146(8), 1601–1608. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.227462
[21] . Ota, E., Tobe-Gai, R., Mori, R., & Farrar, D. (2012). Antenatal dietary advice and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (9), CD000032. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000032.pub2
[22] . Herrera, E., & Ortega-Senovilla, H. (2014). Lipid metabolism during pregnancy and its implications for fetal growth. Current pharmaceutical biotechnology, 15(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201015666140330192345
[23] . Wild, R., & Feingold, K. R. (2023). Effect of Pregnancy on Lipid Metabolism and Lipoprotein Levels. In K. R. Feingold (Eds.) et. al., Endotext. MDText.com, Inc.
[24] . Argaw, A., de Kok, B., Toe, L. C., Hanley-Cook, G., Dailey-Chwalibóg, T., Ouédraogo, M., Compaoré, A., Vanslambrouck, K., Ganaba, R., Kolsteren, P., Lachat, C., & Huybregts, L. (2023). Fortified balanced energy-protein supplementation during pregnancy and lactation and infant growth in rural Burkina Faso: A 2 × 2 factorial individually randomized controlled trial. PLoS medicine, 20(2), e1004186. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004186
[25] . Ashorn, P., Alho, L., Ashorn, U., Cheung, Y. B., Dewey, K. G., Harjunmaa, U., Lartey, A., Nkhoma, M., Phiri, N., Phuka, J., Vosti, S. A., Zeilani, M., & Maleta, K. (2015). The impact of lipid-based nutrient supplement provision to pregnant women on newborn size in rural Malawi: a randomized controlled trial. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 101(2), 387–397. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.088617
[26] . Mridha, M. K., Matias, S. L., Chaparro, C. M., Paul, R. R., Hussain, S., Vosti, S. A., Harding, K. L., Cummins,J. R., Day, L. T., Saha, S. L., Peerson, J. M., & Dewey, K. G. (2016). Lipid-based nutrient supplements for pregnant women reduce newborn stunting in a cluster-randomized controlled effectiveness trial in Bangladesh. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 103(1), 236–249.
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.111336
[27] . World Health Organization (2023, August 9). High-protein supplementation during pregnancy. https://www.who.int/tools/elena/interventions/high-protein-pregnancy
[28] . Cleveland Clinic (2022, August 4). Hyperlipidemia.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21656-hyperlipidemia
[29] . World Health Organization (2024, July 26). Daily iron and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy. E-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (ELENA).
https://www.who.int/tools/elena/interventions/daily-iron-pregnancy
[30] . World Health Organization (2023, August 9). Calcium supplementation during pregnancy to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia. E-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (ELENA). https://www.who.int/tools/elena/interventions/calcium-pregnancy
[31] . Hofmeyr, G. J., Lawrie, T. A., Atallah, Á. N., & Torloni, M. R. (2018). Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001059.pub5
[32] . Ettinger, A. S., Lamadrid-Figueroa, H., Mercado-García, A., Kordas, K., Wood, R. J., Peterson, K. E., Hu, H., Hernández-Avila, M., & Téllez-Rojo, M. M. (2014). Effect of calcium supplementation on bone resorption in pregnancy and the early postpartum: a randomized controlled trial in Mexican women. Nutrition journal, 13(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-116
[33] . Dwarkanath, P., Muhihi, A., Sudfeld, C. R., Wylie, B. J., Wang, M., Perumal, N., Thomas, T., Kinyogoli, S. M.,Bakari, M., Fernandez, R., Raj, J. M., Swai, N. O., Buggi, N., Shobha, R., Sando, M. M., Duggan, C. P., Masanja, H. M., Kurpad, A. V., Pembe, A. B., & Fawzi, W. W. (2024). Two Randomized Trials of Low-Dose Calcium Supplementation in Pregnancy. The New England journal of medicine, 390(2), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2307212
[34] . Souza, E. V., Torloni, M. R., Atallah, A. N., Santos, G. M., Kulay, L., Jr, & Sass, N. (2014). Aspirin plus calcium supplementation to prevent superimposed preeclampsia: a randomized trial. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 47(5), 419–425. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20143629
[35] . Caniglia, E. C., Zash, R., Swanson, S. A., Smith, E., Sudfeld, C., Finkelstein, J. L., Diseko, M., Mayondi, G., Mmalane, M., Makhema, J., Fawzi, W., Lockman, S., & Shapiro, R. L. (2022). Iron, folic acid, and multiple micronutrient supplementation strategies during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in Botswana. The Lancet. Global health, 10(6), e850–e861. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00126-7
[36] . Hanieh, S., Ha, T. T., Simpson, J. A., Braat, S., Thuy, T. T., Tran, T. D., King, J., Tuan, T., Fisher, J., & Biggs, B. A. (2017). Effect of low-dose versus higher-dose antenatal iron supplementation on child health outcomes at 36 months of age in Viet Nam: longitudinal follow-up of a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ global health, 2(3), e000368. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000368
[37] . World Health Organization (2023, August 9). Exclusive breastfeeding for optimal growth, development and health of infants.
https://www.who.int/tools/elena/interventions/exclusive-breastfeeding
[38] . Kramer, M. S., & Kakuma, R. (2012). Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012(8), CD003517. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003517.pub2
[39] . Khan, A. I., Kabir, I., Eneroth, H., El Arifeen, S., Ekström, E. C., Frongillo, E. A., & Persson, L. Å. (2017). Effect of a randomised exclusive breastfeeding counselling intervention nested into the MINIMat prenatal nutrition trial in Bangladesh. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992), 106(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13601
[40] . Chola, L., Fadnes, L. T., Engebretsen, I. M., Nkonki, L., Nankabirwa, V., Sommerfelt, H., Tumwine, J. K., Tylleskar, T., Robberstad, B., & PROMISE-EBF Study Group (2015). Cost-Effectiveness of Peer Counselling for the Promotion of Exclusive Breastfeeding in Uganda. PloS one, 10(11), e0142718.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142718
[41] . Nikièma, L., Huybregts, L., Martin-Prevel, Y., Donnen, P., Lanou, H., Grosemans, J., Offoh, P., Dramaix-Wilmet, M., Sondo, B., Roberfroid, D., & Kolsteren, P. (2017). Effectiveness of facility-based personalized maternal nutrition counseling in improving child growth and morbidity up to 18 months: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso. PloS one, 12(5), e0177839.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177839
[42] . Maonga, A.R., Mahande, M.J., Damian, D.J. et al. Factors Affecting Exclusive Breastfeeding among Women in Muheza District Tanga Northeastern Tanzania: A Mixed Method Community Based Study. Matern Child Health J 20, 77–87 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-015-1805-z
[43] . Alder, E., & Bancroft, J. (1988). The relationship between breast feeding persistence, sexuality and mood in postpartum women. Psychological Medicine, 18(2), 389–396. doi:10.1017/S0033291700007935
[44] . Tadesse, F., Alemayehu, Y., Shine, S. et al. Exclusive breastfeeding and maternal employment among mothers of infants from three to five months old in the Fafan zone, Somali regional state of Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 19, 1015 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7345-5
[45] . Fang, M. T., Grummer-Strawn, L., Maryuningsih, Y., & Biller-Andorno, N. (2021). Human milk banks: A need for further evidence and guidance. The Lancet Global Health, 9(2).
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30468-X
[46] . Askew, I., Raney, L., Kerrigan, M., & Sridha, A. (2023). Family planning saves maternal and newborn lives: Why universal access to contraception must be prioritized in national maternal and newborn health policies, financing, and programs. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 164(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.15127
[47] . Mruts KB, Tessema GA, Dunne J, et al (2022). Does family planning counselling during health service contact improve postpartum modern contraceptive uptake in Ethiopia? A nationwide cross-sectional studyBMJ Open 2022;12:e060308. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060308
[48] . Davanzo, J., Hale, L., Razzaque, A., & Rahman, M. (2008). The effects of pregnancy spacing on infant and child mortality in Matlab, Bangladesh: How they vary by the type of pregnancy outcome that began the interval. Population Studies, 62(2), 131–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324720802022089
[49] . Seferidi, P., Hone, T., Duran, A. C., Bernabe-Ortiz, A., & Millett, C. (2022). Global inequalities in the double burden of malnutrition and associations with globalisation: A multilevel analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 55 low-income and middle-income countries, 1992–2018. THE LANCET Global Health, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00594-5
[50] . Mruts KB, Tessema GA, Dunne J, et al (2022). Does family planning counselling during health service contact improve postpartum modern contraceptive uptake in Ethiopia? A nationwide cross-sectional studyBMJ Open 2022;12:e060308. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060308
[51] . Achyut, P., Mishra, A., Montana, L., Sengupta, R., Calhoun, L. M., & Nanda, P. (2016). Integration of family planning with maternal health services: an opportunity to increase postpartum modern contraceptive use in urban Uttar Pradesh, India. The journal of family planning and reproductive health care, 42(2), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1136/jfprhc-2015-101271
[52] . Cooper, C. M., Wille, J., Shire, S., Makoko, S., Tsega, A., Schuster, A., Hausi, H., Gibson, H., & Tappis, H. (2020). Integrated Family Planning and Immunization Service Delivery at Health Facility and Community Sites in Dowa and Ntchisi Districts of Malawi: A Mixed Methods Process Evaluation. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(12), 4530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124530
[53] . A?c?, Ö., & Rathfisch, G. (2016). Effect of lifestyle interventions of pregnant women on their dietary habits, lifestyle behaviors, and weight gain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 35, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-016-0044-2
[54] . Liu, Y. Q., Liu, Y., Hua, Y., & Chen, X. L. (2017). Effect of diet and exercise intervention in Chinese pregnant women on gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes: A quasi-experimental study. Applied nursing research :ANR, 36, 50–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2017.05.001
[55] . Frumence, G., Jin, Y., Kasangala, A. A., Mang'enya, M. A., Bakar, S., & Ochieng, B. (2023). A Qualitative Exploration on Perceived Socio-Cultural Factors Contributing to Undernutrition Among Under-Fives in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. International journal of public health, 68, 1605294. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1605294
[56] . Chege, P. M., Kimiywe, J. O., & Ndungu, Z. W. (2015). Influence of culture on dietary practices of children under five years among Maasai pastoralists in Kajiado, Kenya. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 12, 131. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0284-3
[57] . Klemm, G. C., Birhanu, Z., Ortolano, S. E., Kebede, Y., Martin, S. L., Mamo, G., & Dickin, K. L. (2020). Integrating Calcium Into Antenatal Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation in Ethiopia: Women's Experiences, Perceptions of Acceptability, and Strategies to Support Calcium Supplement Adherence. Global health, science and practice, 8(3), 413–430. https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00008
[58] . Nikièma, L., Huybregts, L., Martin-Prevel, Y., Donnen, P., Lanou, H., Grosemans, J., Offoh, P., Dramaix-Wilmet, M., Sondo, B., Roberfroid, D., & Kolsteren, P. (2017). Effectiveness of facility-based personalized maternal nutrition counseling in improving child growth and morbidity up to 18 months: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso. PloS one, 12(5), e0177839. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177839
[59] . Kachoria, A. G., Mubarak, M. Y., Singh, A. K., Somers, R., Shah, S., & Wagner, A. L. (2022). The association of religion with maternal and child health outcomes in South Asian countries. PloS one, 17(7), e0271165. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271165
[60] . Hellwig, F., Wado, Y., & Barros, A. J. D. (2024). Association between women's empowerment and demand for family planning satisfied among Christians and Muslims in multireligious African countries. BMJ global health, 9(5), e013651. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013651
[61] . Lokossou, Y.U.A., Tambe, A.B., Azandjèmè, C. et al. (2021). Socio-cultural beliefs influence feeding practices of mothers and their children in Grand Popo, Benin. J Health Popul Nutr 40, 33
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-021-00258-7
[62] . Tobing, V. Y., Afiyanti, Y., & Rachmawati, I. N. (2019). Following the cultural norms as an effort to protect the mother and the baby during the perinatal period: An ethnographic study of women's food choices. The Second International Nursing Scholar Congress (INSC 2018) of Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia., 29(S2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.125
[63] . Swigart, T. M., Bonvecchio, A., Théodore, F. L., Zamudio-Haas, S., Villanueva-Borbolla, M. A., & Thrasher, J.F. (2017). Breastfeeding practices, beliefs, and social norms in low-resource communities in Mexico: Insights for how to improve future promotion strategies. PloS one, 12(7), e0180185.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180185