International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research
Submit Paper

Title:
Intersecting Identities: The Influence of Gender and Caste on Educational Outcomes in India

Authors:
Aarna Agarwal

|| ||

Aarna Agarwal
Welham Girls' School

MLA 8
Agarwal, Aarna. "Intersecting Identities: The Influence of Gender and Caste on Educational Outcomes in India." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 9, no. 10, Oct. 2024, pp. 4892-4899, doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2024.v09i10.055. Accessed Oct. 2024.
APA 6
Agarwal, A. (2024, October). Intersecting Identities: The Influence of Gender and Caste on Educational Outcomes in India. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 9(10), 4892-4899. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2024.v09i10.055
Chicago
Agarwal, Aarna. "Intersecting Identities: The Influence of Gender and Caste on Educational Outcomes in India." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 9, no. 10 (October 2024), 4892-4899. Accessed October, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2024.v09i10.055.

References

[1] . Asadullah, M. Niaz, and Gaston Yalonetzky. “Inequality of Educational Opportunity in India: Changes Over Time and Across States.” World Development, vol. 40, no. 6, 2012, pp. 1151-1163.
[2] . Centre for Budget and Governance Accountability. Impact of COVID-19 on School Education in India: What are the Budgetary Implications? 2020.
[3] . Desai, Sushrut. “Gender Disparity in Primary Education: The Experience in India | United Nations.” The United Nations, https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/gender-disparity-primary-education-experience-india. Accessed 21 September 2024.
[4] . The Economic Times. “Sharp decline in enrolment in government schools.” The Economic Times, 24 July 2012, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/sharp-decline-in-enrolment-in-government-schools/articleshow/15114870.cms?from=mdr. Accessed 21 September 2024.
[5] . European Expert Network on Economic of Education. Education Externalities: What they are and what we know. Annual Report 34. 2018.
[6] . Gohain, Manash Pratim. “Private schools grooming about 50% of students in country.” The Times of India, 23 July 2022.
[7] . Javalkar, P., and A. Brooke. Taking stock of secondary education in Bagalkot and Bijapur Districts. KHPT, Karnataka. 2014.
[8] . Jha, V. Candala: Untouchability and caste in early India. Primus Books, 2018.
[9] . John, Roshin Kunnel, et al. “The governmental ranking of class and the academic performance of Indian adolescents.” PLOS One, vol. 15, no. 11, 2022.
[10] . Kumar, Anand, and Soham Sahoo. “The role of caste and gender in determining science education in India.” Ideas For India, 2023.
[11] . Ministry of Education. National Education Policy. 2020.
[12] . Ministry of Education. National Policy on Education. 1968.
[13] . Ministry of Education. Unified District Information System For Education Plus. 2022.
[14] . Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner. Census of India. 1951.
[15] . Oxfam India. Private Schools in India: Experiences of Dalits and Adivasis. 2022.
[16] . Rajam, Vaidehi, et al. “Explaining caste-based digital divide in India.” Telematics and Informatics, vol. 65, 2021.
[17] . Ramachandran, Vimala, and Tara Naorem. “What It Means To Be A Dalit or Tribal Child in our Schools: A synthesis of a six-state qualitative study.” Economic and Political Weekly, vol. 48, no. 44, 2013, pp. 43-52.
[18] . Singhal, Karan, and Upasak Das. “Revisiting the Role of Private Schooling on Children Learning Outcomes: Evidence from Rural India.” South Asia Economic Journal, vol. 20, no. 2, 2019, pp. 274-302.
[19] . Sinha, Shantha. “How Covid-19 changed India's education system.” Times of India, 13 October 2023, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/developing-contemporary-india/how-covid-19-changed-indias-education-system/. Accessed 21 September 2024.
[20] . Thorat, S. K., and Khalid Khan. “Private Sector and Equity in Higher Education: Challenges of Growing Unequal Access.” India Higher Education Report 2016: Equity, Sage, 2018, pp. 92–127.
[21] . Thorat, Sukhadeo, and Khalid Khan. “Why Inter-caste Inequality in Educational Attainment Still Persists? Wealth and Caste Discrimination Matters.” The Indian Economic Journal, vol. 71, no. 1, 2023.
[22] . Varughese, Aswathy Rachel, and Indrajit Bairagya. “Group-based educational inequalities in India: Have major education policy interventions been effective?” International Journal of Educational Development, vol. 73, 2020.

ABSTRACT:
Since 1947, India has strived to expand access to education. Yet deep-rooted inequalities tied to gender, caste, and social identity persist. This paper explores these inequalities and the ways in which they shape educational outcomes. Despite policy interventions aimed at inclusion, disparities in access, quality, and performance continue to plague the system. The privatization of education and the shift to digital learning, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, have further widened this gap, leaving vulnerable populations with limited opportunities for advancement. The paper demonstrates the need to adopt an intersectional framework in educational policy, addressing not only access but also the achievement and outcomes of marginalized students. By highlighting the structural inequalities that persist in India's education system, this research underscores the urgency of rethinking policy interventions to create equitable educational opportunities, particularly for those at the intersection of caste and gender. Addressing these challenges requires targeted interventions, through which, India can move closer to achieving its universal education goals while ensuring that its most vulnerable populations are not left behind.

IJSSER is Member of