International Journal of Social Science & Economic Research
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Title:
Women in the Informal Labor Sector: The Situation of Domestic Helpers in Indian Households

Authors:
Nisha Sengar and Sapna Ratan Shah

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Nisha Sengar1 and Sapna Ratan Shah2
1. P.G.D.A.V. College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
2. School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.

MLA 8
Sengar, Nisha, and Sapna Ratan Shah. "Women in the Informal Labor Sector: The Situation of Domestic Helpers in Indian Households." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, vol. 9, no. 11, Nov. 2024, pp. 5581-5596, doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2024.v09i11.039. Accessed Nov. 2024.
APA 6
Sengar, N., & Shah, S. (2024, November). Women in the Informal Labor Sector: The Situation of Domestic Helpers in Indian Households. Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research, 9(11), 5581-5596. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2024.v09i11.039
Chicago
Sengar, Nisha, and Sapna Ratan Shah. "Women in the Informal Labor Sector: The Situation of Domestic Helpers in Indian Households." Int. j. of Social Science and Economic Research 9, no. 11 (November 2024), 5581-5596. Accessed November, 2024. https://doi.org/10.46609/IJSSER.2024.v09i11.039.

References

[1] . Akbar, S. & Shah, S. R. (2020). Mathematical study for the outflow of aqueous humor and function in the eye. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 11(10), 743-750.
[2] . Akbar, S., & Shah, S. R. (2020). The effects of prostaglandin analogs on intraocular pressure in the human eye for open-angle glaucoma. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 10(2), 176-180.
[3] . Akbar, S., & Shah, S. R. (2021). DURYSTA: The first biodegradable sustained release implant for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. International Journal of Frontiers in Biology and Pharmacy Research, 1(2), 1-7.
[4] . Akbar, S., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Mathematical modeling of blood flow dynamics in the cardiovascular system: Assumptions, considerations, and simulation results. Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion, 7(4), 2216-2225. https://doi.org/10.52845/CMRO/2024/7-4-2.
[5] . Akbar, S., Shah, S. R., Alshehri, M., Sharma, S. K., & Gupta, P. (2024). A mathematical study for promoting disability inclusion in glaucoma: A comprehensive approach. Journal of Disability Research, 3, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.57197/JDR-2023-0062.
[6] . Akbar, S., Shah, S. R., Jaiswal, K. M., & Sadique, M. (2024). Exploring capillary-tissue fluid exchange: Insights into red cell deformation in narrow vessels and its clinical implications. International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies, 11(3), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.22271/23940522.2024.v11.i3a.1021.
[7] . Akbar, S., Sharma, R. K., Sadique, M., Jaiswal, K. M., Chaturvedi, P., Kumar, V., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Computational analysis of clot formation risk in diabetes: A mathematical modeling approach. BIBECHANA, 21(3), 233-240.
[8] . Anuradha, Anamika. (2017) & Shah, S. R. Bio-computational analysis of blood flow through two phase artery. International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, 7(6), 13397-13401.
[9] . Arya, S., Majhi, L., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Exploring Shilajatu's therapeutic potential in diabetes management: A comprehensive study integrating Ayurvedic wisdom and modern science. International Journal of Science and Research, 13(5), 1374-1380. https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR24522110012.
[10] . Chaturvedi, P., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Assessing the clinical outcomes of voxelotor treatment in patients with sickle cell disease. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 12(01), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v12i1.64057.
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[13] . Jaiswal, K. M., Sadique, M., Akbar, S., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Unveiling capillary-tissue fluid exchange: Understanding red blood cell deformation in constricted vessels and its clinical significance. Materials Plus, 3(1), 1-9.
[14] . Kasturia, P., Sharma, R. K., Chaturvedi, P., Dohre, R., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Efficacy of venetoclax and azacitidine for targeting leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 13(6), 3072-3090. https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2024/13.6.8960.
[15] . Kumar, J. P., Sadique, M., & Shah, S. R. (2022). Mathematical study of blood flow through blood vessels under diseased condition. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 9(6), 31-44.
[16] . Kumar, K., Sharma, M. K., Shah, S. R., & Dohare, R. (2023). Vector-borne transmission dynamics model based on Caputo fractional-order derivative. Indian Journal of Theoretical Physics, 71(3&4), 61-76.
[17] . Kumar, P. & Shah, S. R. (2021). A hydromechanical perspective to study the effect of body acceleration through stenosed artery. International Journal of Mathematical Engineering and Management Sciences, 6(5), 1381-1390.
[18] . Kumar, R. & Shah, S. R. (2020). Mathematical modeling of blood flow with the suspension of nanoparticles through a tapered artery with a blood clot. Frontiers in Nanotechnology, 2, Article 596475, 1-5.
[19] . Kumar, R., Shah, S. R., & Stiehl, T. (2024). Understanding the impact of feedback regulations on blood cell production and leukemia dynamics using model analysis and simulation of clinically relevant scenarios. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 129, 340-389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2024.01.048.
[20] . Kumar, V., & Shah, S. R. (2021). Mathematical model to study the heat transfer between core and skin. SRMS Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 7, 7-22.
[21] . Kumar, V., & Shah, S. R. (2022). A mathematical approach to investigate the temperature distribution on skin surface with sinusoidal heat flux condition. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 9(5), 141-146.
[22] . Kumar, V., & Shah, S. R. (2022). A mathematical study for heat transfer phenomenological processes in human skin. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 7(6), 683-692.
[23] . Kumar, V., & Shah, S. R. (2022). Thermobiological mathematical model for the study of temperature response after cooling effects. SSRG International Journal of Applied Physics, 9(2), 7-11.
[24] . Kumar, V., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Dispersion of pharmaceutical agents in constricted and bent arteries: Insights from numerical and computational simulations. International Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 8(2), 17-31.
[25] . Kumari, N., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Examining women's representation in disaster risk reduction strategies across South Asia. International Journal of Disaster Management, 2(1), 1-3.
[26] . Mahesh, & Arya, S., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Optimizing cardiovascular health: Ayurvedic insights into blood flow through normal and stenosed arteries. International Journal of AYUSH, 13(5), 18-35.
[27] . Parambath, A. B., Kandankel, P., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Dynamic modeling of cytokine-dependent proliferation rates over time in cancer: Insights from scientific analysis. Journal of Mathematical Techniques and Computational Mathematics, 3(7), 01-09.
[28] . Prachi, Arya, S., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Exploring the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of tridosha imbalances on dream phenomena in working women: An Ayurvedic perspective. International Journal of AYUSH, 13(9), 55-75.
[29] . Prachi, Arya, S., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Investigating dream phenomena in Ayurveda for women: Diagnostic and therapeutic insights into tridosha imbalances. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research, 12(8), 73-81.
[30] . Sadique, M., & Shah, S. R. (2022). Mathematical model to study the effect of PRG4, hyaluronic acid, and lubricin on squeeze film characteristics of diseased synovial joint. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 7(6), 832-848.
[31] . Sadique, M., & Shah, S. R. (2022). Mathematical study for the synovial fluid flow in osteoarthritic knee joint. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 17(2), 15-21.
[32] . Sadique, M., & Shah, S. R. (2023). Mathematical model to study the squeeze film characteristics of synovial joints in diseased human knee joint. World Scientific Annual Review of Biomechanics, 1, 2330004, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2810958923300044.
[33] . Sadique, M., Jaiswal, K. M., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Assessing the influence of glucosamine supplementation on synovial fluid dynamics in osteoarthritic knee joints. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 12(2), 84-91. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v12i2.65009.
[34] . Sadique, M., Shah, S. R., Sharma, S. K., & Islam, S. M. N. (2023). Effect of significant parameters on squeeze film characteristics in pathological synovial joints. Mathematics (MDPI), 11(1468), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11061468.
[35] . Shah, S. R. (2011). Capillary-tissue diffusion phenomena for blood flow through a stenosed artery using Herschel-Bulkley fluid. International Journal of Research in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1(1), 1-8.
[36] . Shah, S. R. (2011). Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid on blood flow through an artery under atherosclerotic condition. International Journal of Molecular Medicine and Advances Sciences, 7(6), 19-24.
[37] . Shah, S. R. (2011). Impact of radially non-symmetric multiple stenoses on blood flow through an artery. International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 1(3), 1-16.
[38] . Shah, S. R. (2011). Mathematical analysis of blood flow through atherosclerotic arterial segment having non-symmetric mild stenosis. International Journal of Research in Pure and Applied Physics, 1, 1-5.
[39] . Shah, S. R. (2011). Non-Newtonian flow of blood through an atherosclerotic artery. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(1), 76-80.
[40] . Shah, S. R. (2011). Role of non-Newtonian behavior in blood flow through normal and stenosed artery. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 6(9), 453-458.
[41] . Shah, S. R. (2012). A biomechanical approach for the study of deformation of red cells in narrow capillaries. IJE: Transaction A: Basics, 25(4), 303-313.
[42] . Shah, S. R. (2012). A biomechanical approach for the study of two-phase blood flow through stenosed artery. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 7(2), 159-164.
[43] . Shah, S. R. (2012). A case study of non-Newtonian viscosity of blood through atherosclerotic artery. Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology, 1(1), 47-52.
[44] . Shah, S. R. (2012). Performance study on capillary-tissue diffusion phenomena for blood flow through stenosed blood vessels. American Journal of Pharmtech Research, 2(2), 695-705.
[45] . Shah, S. R. (2013). A mathematical model for the analysis of blood flow through diseased blood vessels under the influence of porous parameter. Journal of Biosciences and Technology, 4(6), 534-541.
[46] . Shah, S. R. (2013). An innovative solution for the problem of blood flow through stenosed artery using generalized Bingham plastic fluid model. International Journal of Research in Applied and Natural Social Sciences, 1(3), 97-140.
[47] . Shah, S. R. (2013). An innovative study for non-Newtonian behavior of blood flow in stenosed artery using Herschel-Bulkley fluid model. International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology, 5(5), 233-240.
[48] . Shah, S. R. (2013). Effects of antiplatelet drugs on blood flow through stenosed blood vessels. Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, 18, 21-27.
[49] . Shah, S. R. (2014). Effect of clopidogrel on blood flow through stenosed artery under diseased condition. International Online Medical Council, International Journal of Pharmacy Teaching and Practices, 5(1), 887-893.
[50] . Shah, S. R. (2014). Performance modeling and analysis of magnetic field on nutritional transport capillary tissue system using modified Herschel-Bulkley fluid. International Journal of Advanced Research in Physical Sciences, 1(1), 33-41.
[51] . Shah, S. R. (2015). A mathematical study of blood flow through radially non-symmetric multiple stenosed arteries under the influence of magnetic field. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 2(12), 379-386.
[52] . Shah, S. R. (2015). A mathematical study of blood flow through stenosed artery. International Journal of Universal Science and Engineering, 1(1), 26-37.
[53] . Shah, S. R. (2015). A study of blood flow through multiple atherosclerotic arteries. International Journal for Mathematics, 1(12), 1-6.
[54] . Shah, S. R. (2015). Mathematical study of blood flow through atherosclerotic artery in the presence of porous effect. International Journal of Modern Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2(12), 12-20.
[55] . Shah, S. R. (2021). Clinical influence of hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin on blood flow through blood vessels for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, 10(7), 2195-2204.
[56] . Shah, S. R. (2022). Study of dispersion of drug in blood flow with the impact of chemical reaction through stenosed artery. International Journal of Biosciences, 21(3), 21-29.
[57] . Shah, S. R. & Siddique, S. U. (2012). Achievement of Pentoxifylline for blood flow through stenosed artery. Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, 13, 81-89.
[58] . Shah, S. R. & Siddiqui, S. U. (2011). A comparative study for the non-Newtonian behaviour of blood flow through atherosclerotic arterial segment. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 9(2), 120-125.
[59] . Shah, S. R. & Siddiqui, S. U. (2011). Two-phase model for the study of blood flow through stenosed artery. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 1(3), 246-254.
[60] . Shah, S. R., (2011). Response of blood flow through an atherosclerotic artery in the presence of magnetic field using Bingham plastic fluid. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research, 2(3), 96-106.
[61] . Shah, S. R., & Arya, D. (2024). Human resource management strategies for improving educational outcomes in Bihar. International Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Management, 4(4), 955-963.
[62] . Shah, S. R., & Arya, D. (2024). Optimizing educational outcomes: The role of human resource management in Jharkhand's education system. International Journal of Novel Research and Development, 9(8), b51-b57.
[63] . Shah, S. R., & Lenin, J. S. (2024). Mathematical analysis of stem cell dynamics in acute myeloid leukemia: Towards precision medicine strategies. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 13(05), 528-535. ISSN: 2319-7064. https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/SR24509000022.
[64] . Shah, S. R., & Siddiqui, S. U. (2011). A comparative study for the non-Newtonian behaviour of blood flow through atherosclerotic arterial segment. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 9(2), 120-125.
[65] . Shah, S. R., Effects of shape of stenosis on arterial rheology under the influence of applied magnetic field. International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, 6(3), 286-294.
[66] . Shah, S. R., Mahesh, & Arya, S. (2024). Optimizing cardiovascular health: Ayurvedic insights into blood flow through normal and stenosed arteries. International Journal of AYUSH, 13(5), 18-35. ISSN 2349-7025.
[67] . Shah, S. R., Sengar, N., & Yadav, P. (2024). Economic conditions and age profile of women domestic workers in Delhi's urban informal sector. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 15(8), 494-500.
[68] . Shah, S. R., Siddiqui, S. U., & Singh, A. (2015). Effects of inclined multi-stenoses arteries on blood flow characteristics using Bingham plastic fluid. International Journal for Mathematics, 1(12), 7-14.
[69] . Shah, S. R., Siddiqui, S. U., & Singh, A. (2015). Mathematical modelling and analysis of blood flow through diseased blood vessels. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 5(6), 366-372.
[70] . Shah, S. R., Siddiqui, S. U., & Singh, A. (2016). Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of blood flow through tapered artery. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 3(2), 710-717.
[71] . Shah, S. R., Siddiqui, S. U., & Singh, A. (2016). Mathematical modeling of peristaltic blood flow through a vertical blood vessel using Prandtl fluid model. International Journal of Mathematics and Computer Research, 4(9), 710-717.
[72] . Shah, S. R., Siddiqui, S. U., & Singh, A. (2016). Performance of blood flow through two phase stenosed artery using Herschel-Bulkley model. International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture, 2(2), 228-240.
[73] . Sharma, R. K., Akbar, S., Kumar, V., Jaiswal, K. M., Kumar, V., Upadhyay, A. K., Sadique, M., Chaturvedi, P., & Singh, A. (2024). Optimizing cardiovascular performance following myocardial infarction: The significance of nitroglycerin in regulating blood flow. Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences, 12(2), 32-45.
[74] . Siddiqui, S. U. & Shah, S. R. (2016). A physiologic model for the problem of blood flow through diseased blood vessels. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences, 5(2), 58-64.
[75] . Siddiqui, S. U., Shah, S. R. & Geeta. (2013). Mathematical modelling of blood flow through catheterized artery under the influence of body acceleration with slip velocity. Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal, 8(2), 481-494.
[76] . Siddiqui, S. U., Shah, S. R. & Geeta. (2014). Effect of body acceleration and slip velocity on the pulsatile flow of Casson fluid through stenosed artery. Advances in Applied Science Research, 5(3), 213-225.
[77] . Siddiqui, S. U., Shah, S. R., & Geeta. (2015). A biomechanical approach to the effect of body acceleration through stenotic artery. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 109(1), 27-41.
[78] . Siddiqui, S. U., Shah, S. R., & Geeta. (2015). A computational analysis of a two-fluid non-linear mathematical model of pulsatile blood flow through constricted artery. E-Journal of Science and Technology, 10(4), 65-78.
[79] . Siddiqui, S. U., Shah, S. R., & Geeta. (2015). A mathematical model for two layered pulsatile blood flow through stenosed arteries. E-Journal of Science and Technology, 1(10), 27-41.
[80] . Siddiqui, S. U., Singh, A & Shah, S. R., (2017). A mathematical model to study the similarities of blood fluid models through inclined multi-stenosed artery. International Journal of Engineering Research and Modern Education, 2(1), 108-115.
[81] . Singh, A., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Influence of transverse magnetic field on steady blood flow in a stenosed artery: Numerical and analytical insights. International Journal of Mathematical Archive, 15(8), 1-10.
[82] . Singh, A., Anamika & Shah, S. R. (2017). Mathematical modelling of blood flow through three layered stenosed artery. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 5(6), 1-6.
[83] . Singh, A., Parambath, A. B., Arora, K., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Examining the risk of clot formation in diabetes through computational analysis: An approach using mathematical modeling. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 12(2), 92-99. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v12i2.65863.
[84] . Singh, N., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Comparative analysis of blood viscosity and flow dynamics in normal and diabetic patients. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 15(9), 4982-4988.
[85] . Singh, N., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Exploring acute lymphoblastic leukemia dynamics through mathematical modeling of hematopoietic disruption. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science, 6(7), 3971-3981.
[86] . Singh, P., Solanki, R., Tasneem, A., Suri, S., Kaur, H., Shah, S. R., & Dohare, R. (2024). Screening of miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers and their associated hub targets across hepatocellular carcinoma using a survival-based bioinformatics approach. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 22(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100337.
[87] . Singh, S. (2011). A two-layered model for the analysis of arterial rheology. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 4, 37-42.
[88] . Singh, S. (2011). Clinical significance of aspirin on blood flow through stenotic blood vessels. Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, 10, 17-24.
[89] . Singh, S. (2011). Numerical modeling of two-layered micropolar fluid through a normal and stenosed artery. International Journal of Engineering, 24(2), 177-187.
[90] . Singh, V., & Shah, S. R. (2024). Enhancing cardiovascular health: The positive impact of yoga on blood flow and circulation. Aathiyoga Indian Journal of Ancient Medicine and Yoga, 1(1), October.
[91] . Singh, V., & Shah, S. R. (2024). The multifaceted health benefits of yoga: A comprehensive review of physical, mental, and quality of life improvements. International Journal of AYUSH Case Reports (IJA-CARE), 8(3), July-September.

ABSTRACT:
This paper explores the role and situation of women working as domestic helpers in India's urban informal labor sector. Focusing on the socio-economic challenges they face, including wage disparities, lack of job security, and absence of social protection, it highlights the unique vulnerabilities of these women. Furthermore, this study examines the cultural and structural issues that sustain the undervaluation of domestic labor, as well as recent policy measures and interventions aimed at improving their working conditions. The research draws on both qualitative and quantitative analyses, aiming to underscore the urgent need for policy intervention and societal change to uplift the status of domestic helpers and secure their rights.

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